块状崩移英文课件Masswasting.pptVIP

块状崩移英文课件( Mass Wasting) Downslope movement of regolith and rock under the pull of gravity. Mass Wasting: introduction Mass wasting is a part of the rock cycle. A stable slope condition (steady-state): a slope evolves toward an angle that allows regolith moving from upslope to be balanced by that moving downslope. Hillslope may change with time (trasient-state). Mass wasting occurs on land and under water. Mass-Wasting Processes 1. The sudden failure of a slope that results in the downslope transfer of relatively coherent masses of soil or rock debris by: Slumping. Falling. Sliding. 2. The downslope flow of mixtures of solid material, water, and air which are distinguished on the basis of : Velocity. The concentration of particles in the flowing mixture. Slumps A slump is a type of slope failure in which a downward and outward rotational movement of rock debris or regolith occurs along a curved concave-up surface. Result of artificial modification of the landscape. Associated with heavy rains or earthquakes. The top of the displaced block usually is tilted backward, producing a reversed slope. Rockfall Rockfall is the free falling of detached bodies of rock. It is common in precipitous mountainous terrain, where debris forms conspicuous deposits at the base of steep slopes. As a rock falls, its speed increases with distance. V = √ 2 gh where g = acceleration due to gravity. h = distance of fall. v = velocity. Debris Falls When a mountain slope collapses, not only rock but overlying regolith and plants are generally involved. The resulting debris fall is similar to a rockfall, but it consists of a mixture of rock and weathered regolith, as well as vegetation. Rockslides and Debris Slides ? Involve the rapid displacement of masses of rock or sediment along an inclined surface, such as a bedding plane. ? Common along steep slopes in high mountains. ? Range in size from sand to boulders. ? Forms talus, a body of debris sloping outward from