透地通信接收机预处理单元设计-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘要由于地层结构的复杂性，大地对弹性波信号传播的影响很大，主要表现在信号衰减和噪声干扰等方面，因此透地通信接收机的性能就显得尤为重要。弹性波信号接收时总会引入噪声干扰，这些干扰主要来自大地背景噪声，大地背景噪声就是在没有发出弹性波信号时，检波器记录到的地面振动。为了研究大地背景噪声，本人分别于山谷、山麓和山顶等地采集噪声，对这三种不同地形的噪声进行了对比，并分析了噪声的频谱特征。鉴于弹性波的低频特性，接收机预处理单元的低噪放大器设计以放大低频信号为主。本文采用AD620 作为集成低噪放大器，并在试验中对比了放大前后的检波器信号。本文还在电路设计的输入端加入低通滤波器，以减少高频噪声的干扰。为了提高接收机的性能，本文采用LMP8100作为可编程增益放大器，用电压比较器LM339 实现两位AD 转换器，它们共同组成自动增益控制系统。该系统的自动增益控制软件采用了一种统计算法，将AD转换后的数字信号高数据位作为统计对象，统计其在单位时间内数据位为1的个数占数据bit总数的比例，若比值超出阈值，则逐级调整放大器增益，直到该比值恢复到合理的范围内。关键词：透地通信，弹性波接收机，大地背景噪声，低噪放大AbstractDuetothecomplexityofthestratigraphicstructure,theearthhasgreatinfluenceontheelasticwavesignalpropagation,whichmainlydisplaysinsignalattenuationandnoisedisturbance,therefore,thesuperiorperformanceofthrough-the-earthcommunicationreceiverisparticularlyimportant.Thenoiseisinevitablewhentheelasticwavesignalsarereceived.Whilethere’sno elasticwavesignals,theground-shakingrecordedbytheenvelopedetectorcanbecalledtheearthbackgroundnoise.Inordertostudythebackgroundnoise,Icollectednoisesfromthevalley,mountainside,andthetopofmountainridge,andthenIcomparedthese threedifferenttypesofterrainnoises,andanalyzedthefrequencyspectrumcharacteristicsofnoises.Accordingtothelow-frequencyofelasticwaves,thepreamplifierismainlydesignedtoamplifythelowfrequencysignal.WechosetheAD620asanintegratedlow-noiseamplifier, andcomparedtheamplifyinggeophonesignalsbeforeandafterinexperiments.Wealso insertedaRClowpassfilterintheinputofthecircuitdesign,inordertomitigatehigh frequencynoiseinterference.Inordertoimprovetheperformanceofthereceiver,weselectLMP8100asaprogrammablegainamplifier,andchoosevoltagecomparatorLM339toimplementtwo-bitADconverter.TheLMP8100andtheLM339formtheautomaticgaincontrolsystem.Thesoftwareofautomaticgaincontrolsystemisusingcountingalgorithms,whichtakesthehigh dataofdigitalsignalconvertedbyADasatargetofstatistics,andcountsthenumberof“1”in certaintimeofthetotalnumberofbitstream.Iftheproportionisbeyondthreshold,thenadjusttheamplifierlevel,untiltheproportionrecoverstowithinreasonablebound