It的用法-12.doc

It 的用法 I 人称it 人称it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个分句或一个句子，避免它们在句中重复。 1.人称it可以指事物、动植物或性别不明的婴儿。 This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday. There is an old tree in front of his house. It is very tall. The cat is too lazy to move. I must give it a push. The Whites have a new baby. It’s lovely. 2.人称it可以指包括许多成员在内的集体。 The Women’s Volleyball Team came back yesterday. It has just won the world championship. 3.人称it可以指一个动作或一件事情。 I like hiking, but he doesn’t like it. My brother was knocked down by a car, but he survived the accident. It was a narrow escape. It should never happen again. She left away and left the bicycle unlocked. 4.用在“It is/was +表语”结构中，指明某人或某物的身份的，具有这种作用的it可以用来代替this或that。(有语法学家称其为指示it。) —Who’s there? —It’s me / the postman / John. Last night I tripped over something and fell. What’s that? It’s a stone. II 无人称it 无人称it是虚词，没有任何具体的意义。 1. 无人称it作主语，用于表示自然现象、时间、距离、环境状况等句子中。 It rains / snows / clears up. It was summer. It is ten o’clock. It’s time to go. How far is it to Tien An Men? It’s within a stone’s throw. It’s very quiet. 2. 无人称it用在以seem, appear, happen, turn out 作谓语，后面跟that从句的句子中作主语。 It appears that she is an experienced teacher. It happened that he had been hurt. It turns out that his article is very instructive. It seems that he is always correct. (上一句可以改成He seems to be always correct. 但不可以说 That he is always correct seems.) 3. 无人称it作主语用于一些被动结构中。 It is said that the new road will be opened to traffic next week. It is well known that the bridge will be completed ahead of time. It is considered that the experiment is not worth trying. 4. 无人称it作主语用于一些习惯用语中。 It makes no difference at all. 一点关系也没有。 It’s hard to say. 这很难说。 It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果。 It’s splendid ! 好极了！ III 先行it 先行it也是一个虚词，在句中作形式主语或宾语。 1. 作主语 1) 真正主语是不定式短语。 It is impossible for me to get there the day after tomorrow. It’s up to you to decide. 2) 真正主语是动名词。 It’s no use trying to persuade him. It’s no good your