国际经济学习题解答(English).docVIP

习题选答 第1章 6. （1）消费者需求理论揭示，当一种商品价格上升时，该商品的需求量减少，。 （2）当国内消费者面对的进口商品价格上升时，该商品的出口需求量将会减少。 7、 （1）政府可以通过减少政府支出和（或）增加税收来减少财政逆差。 （2）政府可以通过对进口商品征税和（或）对出口补贴，增加国外借款或教师国外贷款，以及降低国民收入水平来减少或消除国际收支逆差。 10. 国际贸易给消费者带来商品的低价格，但是损害了国内竞争厂商的利益。通常，那些厂商联合起来对政府施加压力，要求限制进口。 通常消费者数量多，但缺乏组织。并且每个人只从进口限制中受到很小的损失，因而政府往往屈服于厂商的压力而对进口施加限制。 第2章 2、In case A, the United States has a comparative advantage in wheat and the United Kingdom in cloth. In case B, the United States has a comparative advantage in wheat and the United Kingdom in cloth. In case C, the United States has a comparative advantage in wheat and the United Kingdom in cloth. In case D, the United States and the United Kingdom have a comparative advantage in neither commodities. 4. a) The United States gains 1C. b) The United Kingdom gains 4C. c) 3C 4W 8C. d) The United States would gain 3C while the United Kingdom would gain 2C. If DW(US+UK) intersected SW(US+UK) at PW/PC=2/3 and 120W in the left panel of Figure 2.3, this would mean that the United States would not be specializing completely in the production of wheat. The United Kingdom, on the other hand, would be specializing completely in the production of cloth and exchanging 20C for 30W with the United States. Since the United Kingdom trades at U.S. the pre-trade relative commodity price of PW/PC=2/3 in the United States, the United Kingdom receives all of the gains from trade. 第三章 3 （1）a) See Figure 3 b) Nation 1 has a comparative advantage in X and Nation 2 in Y. c) If the relative commodity price line has equal slope in both nations. a) See Figure 4. Nation 1 gains by the amount by which point E is to the right and above point A and Nation 2 by the excess of E over A. Nation 1 gains more from trade because the relative price of X with trade differs more from its pretrade price than for Nation 2. See Figure 6 . The small nation will move from A to B in production, exports X in exchange for Y so as