国际关系概论 第八节 国际军控与战略威慑.pptVIP

本讲主要内容 一、管理国际安全的途径 二、国际裁军与军备控制 三、战略威慑 一、管理国际安全的途径 （一）自由主义 1、集体安全：潜在的侵略者因国际社会采取联合行动而被摄止。 集体安全与合作安全; 集体安全与威慑; 集体安全与联盟; 2、裁军与军备控制（√） Collective security集体安全: an arrangement by which all members of the international community agree to oppose together a threat to the security of any one of them (W.P.m.c.). Collective security : a global or regional security regime agreed to by the great powers setting rules for keeping peace, guided by the principle that an act of aggression by any state automatically will be met by a combined military response from the rest (W.P.t.t.). 一、管理国际安全的途径 （二）现实主义： 均势: 一种状态（多极格局）或政策（制衡政策）； 内部均势（自助）与外部均势（联盟） 威慑：（√） Alliance联盟/结盟: states that behave as a coalition, formalized by a written treaty, for purposes of military security (W.P.m.c.). Alliance : coalitions that form when two or more states combine their military capabilities and promise to coordinate their policies to increase mutual security (W.P.t.t.). 结盟与不结盟政策 Alignments 结盟: the acceptance by a neutral state threatened by foreign enemies of a special relationship short of formal alliance with a stronger power able to protect it from attack. Nonalignment 不结盟: a foreign policy posture in which states do not participate in military alliances with either of two rival blocs for fear that alliances will lead to involvement in an unnecessary war. Deterrence威慑: a policy aimed at influencing another state or nonstate actor to not do something it would otherwise do (W.P.m.c.). Deterrence : a preventive strategy designed to dissuade an adversary from doing what it otherwise might prefer to do, such as initiating a military attack (W.P.t.t.). Extended deterrence延伸威慑 二、国际裁军与军备控制 （一）裁军与军控概念 裁军:指消减军事装备与人员； 军备控制:指限制武器的发展、部署和使用； 广义军控:包括裁军、军控、不扩散、建立信任措施等。 Arms race军备竞赛: an action-reaction process of acquiring arms in response to the arms acquisitions of an adversary (W.P.m.c.). Arms control军备控制: a process that produces agreements to limit the production or use of weapons, or agr