第四章-化学修复2.pptVIP

第四章 化学修复技术 3.原位化学氧化修复技术 3.1 原位化学氧化修复技术（in-situ chemical oxidation）主要是通过掺进土壤中的化学氧化剂与污染物所产生的氧化反应，达到使污染物降解或转化为低毒、低移动性产物的一项污染土壤修复技术。 In situ chemical oxidation is one of several innovative technologies that show promise in destroying or degrading an extensive variety of hazardous wastes in ground water, sediment, and soil. The oxidants used are readily available, and treatment time is usually measured in months rather than years, making the process economically feasible. 3.2 主要修复污染物：In situ chemical oxidation is being used for ground water, sediment, and soil remediation. It can be applied to a variety of soil types and sizes (silt and clay). It is used to treat volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) as well as semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 3.3 主要的氧化剂：The oxidants applied in this process are typically hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), potassium permanganate (KMnO4 ), ozone, or, to a lesser extent, dissolved oxygen (DO). 双氧水(H 2 O 2) 双氧水曾一度作为一种氧源用于土壤生物修复以促进微生物的生长，后来它又被用作氧化剂处理土壤中的污染物。Gates等将双氧水投加到含有TCE和PCE的酸性粘土中，虽然投加量达到了25.5g／kg土，但反应后PCE的降解率只有48％，TCE的降解率低于72％。 为了提高双氧水的氧化能力，人们开始尝试加入亚铁离子，形成Fenton试剂，使其在酸性条件下发生以下反应生成H0·自由基。H0·自由基是一种很强的氧化剂，具有很高的电负性或亲电子性，可通过脱氢反应、不饱和烃加成反应、芳香环加成反应及与杂原子氮、磷、硫的反应等方式与烷烃、烯烃和芳香烃等有机物进行氧化反应 Fenton反应 Fenton反应优于其他氧化反应的几个方面：Fe2+和H2O2都没有毒，且价格便宜；催化反应中不需要额外的光照； H2O2可在土壤污染区中以电化学方式自动产生，增加了经济可行性和修复土壤的效率；没有污染物浓度的限制；反应速率很快。 高锰酸钾（KMnO4） 适用的pH范围较广，它不仅对三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯等含氯溶剂有很好的氧化效果，且对烯烃、酚类、硫化物和MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚)等其他污染物也很有效 与H2O2相比， KMnO4比较稳定，容易控制。 1. In Situ Chemical Oxidation Using KMnO4 is cheaper than the baseline pump and treat technology for certain applications, because the time of remediation can be significantly reduced by targeting treatment of zone. In Situ Chemical Oxidation Using KMnO4 can also be cheaper than alternative technologies such as deep soil mixing, as larger volumes of soil can be treated with