虚拟语气（一）.ppt

Subjunctive (虚拟语气 );The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。;; a. 与现在事实相反的假设;b. 与过去事实相反的假设;c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想;虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用： 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如： 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do today. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。 If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.;注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词‘be’的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如： 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I　　 B. I were　C. Were I　D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do。;虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如： 他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. 你来得早一点，就碰到他了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. ; 如果你处在我的位置，你会怎么办？ If you were in my position, what would you do? =Were you in my position, what would you do? 如果你早点来，你就能赶上那班车了。 If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. =Had you come earlier, you would …. ;虚拟语气用于“wish+ 宾语从句”的用法 1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表??将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：;注意： wish 与hope接宾语从句的主要区别在于： hope一般表示可以实现的愿望，宾语从句用陈述语气；wish表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。 比较： We hope we will succeed. ( we don’t know if we will succeed.) We wish we would succeed. (we know we can hardly succeed.);11. 用于祝愿语 例如： 1. 动词用原型 上帝与你同在！ God be with you! 愿老天保佑我们！ Heaven help us! 2. 动词用may 祝你梦想成真！ May your dream come true! 愿再也不发生世界大战！ May there never be another world war! 祝你顺利！ May good luck be yours! 祝你取得更大成就！ May you be even better!;如果我有一千万，我就能买一栋房子。我有一千万吗？没有。所以我仍然没有房子。如果我有翅膀，我就能飞。我有翅膀吗？没有。所以我也没办法飞。如果把整个太平洋的水倒出，也浇不熄我对你爱情的火。整个太平洋的水全部倒得