第7讲 被动语态的翻译.ppt

第7讲 被动语态的翻译 什么是被动语态 英语被动语态 句式 ：主语（受事）+ be + 过去分词 变体 ：主语（受事）+ get/become + 过去分词 汉语被动语态 形式标志：被/给/(遭)受/为……所/由 无形式标记被动句：主题+评述，如“猪喂了”、“那本书出版了” （形式上是主动句，意义上是被动句） 英语使用被动语态的原因 无从说出施事者 Her purse was stolen in the railway station. 不愿说出施事者 Some rude comments on the plan was made at the board meeting. 不必说出施事者 An additional 10% discount is allowed for orders over $3000. 表示客观事实 Metals will expand when they are heated. 结构、修辞因素 Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. The air was filled with the sound of childrens laughter. 英汉都用被动语态的情况 一般说来，英语的被动句多数情况下要译成汉语的主动句，只有在特别强调动作的被动性时，或者省略被动句的形式标志可能引起歧义的情况下，才译成汉语的被动句 。 I want to care and be cared about. 我想关心别人，也想被别人关心。 He was dismissed due to his chronicle tardiness. 他总是迟到，被开除了/炒鱿鱼了。 Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。 They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到了热烈的欢迎。 I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我把它们写在了圣诞贺卡上。 英语被动语态的其他翻译方式 1. 保留原句式，但省略被动句的形式标志 The article has been finished off at last. 文章总算写完了。 The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内，全国武装起来了。 The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他青年时期形成的自卑感从未完全消失。 2. 译成系表结构的判断句 The bridge is named after an engineer. 这座桥是以一名工程师的名字命名的。 Poets are born, but orators are made. 诗人是天生的，演说家是后天造就的。 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 3. 将原句实施者译为主语 What measures have been or are being adopted by the local government to reduce air pollution? 当地政府已经采取或正在采取何种措施以减少空气污染。 By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives. 到战争结束，该组织共救出800人，但牺牲了200多名比利时人和法国人的生命。 Kissinger was alarmed by China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964. 1964年10月，中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，把基辛格吓了一大跳。（note: 可以根据需要添加“把”、“将”、“使”等构造使动句。） The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火几乎使这著名的旅馆全部毁灭。 4. 若原句没有出现实施者，根据上下文增添泛指人称作主语 Although little is known about