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探討現成物雕塑─ 以梅瑞?歐本漢(Meret Oppenheim，1913-1985) 《皮草的早餐(Le Dejeuner en fourrure)》作品為例 A Study on Object Sculpture─ 《Le Dejeuner en fourrure》Meret Oppenheim(1913-1985) Meret Oppenheim，1913-1985)在西洋雕塑史上常被歸類為超現實主義的女性藝術家，而其最知名的代表作便是《皮草的早餐(Le Dejeuner en fourrure)》(圖1)，而這不只是歐本漢個人的代表作，也是超現實主義的雕塑經典代表作。超現實的作品除了廣為人知的達利(Salvador Dali, 1904-1989)、瑪格利特(Rene Magritte, 1898－1967)等的繪畫，以呈現不合常理的潛意識夢境繪畫為概念，實際上，超現實主義的雕塑創作是常被忽略的區塊，本文特別探討了歐本漢的這件作品，利用工業生產下的現成物作拼貼，去除杯碟的功能性，將皮草覆蓋在餐具上，兩相結合，既新奇又矛盾，讓現成物賦予新的意義。筆者參考了歐本漢的創作歷程，試圖解讀她作品背後隱含的社會省思，帶領讀者進入一個既文明先進又野蠻原始的矛盾地帶。藉由原始社會裡動物尚未蛻去的毛髮加諸在文明社會的表徵─咖啡杯碟上，形成一種兩元對立的衝突概念。而不只從此件作品中可看出此意涵，本文一併探討歐本漢其他作品，尋找文明社會下追溯原始自然的意圖。 關鍵字：現成物、雕塑、梅瑞?歐本漢、超現實主義 Abstract Meret Oppenheim is defined into one of female Realism artists, and the most famous art work is “Le Dejeuner en fourrure”. It’s not only the classic work of hers, but also the presentation of the Realism sculptures. Realistic painting works created by Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte etc., show some unreasonable situation originated from sub-consciousness and dreams. In fact, realistic sculptures are neglected sometimes. This article discussed Meret Oppenheim’s sculpture─“Le Dejeuner en fourrure” , using objects made from the industry to collage. She combined the fur and the cup, made them useless. It’s novel but contradictive, and it made a new idea. I tried to read all of her works in her life to find out the social meaning behind this sculpture, and hope to bring people into a contradiction between civilization and barbarism. The animal fur which represented the barbaric society covered on the cup and dish which represented civilized society. It showed the idea which was in confronting positions. The study not only discussed just from this artwork, but also traced back Oppenheim’s other artworks, to search for the intention of going back to nature. Keyword: object, sculpture, Meret Oppenheim, Surrealism 壹、前言 20世紀的現代藝術從1914年杜象(Marcel Duchamp ,1887-1968)的《曬瓶架》(圖2)開始，拋棄了畫筆與雕刻刀，選用生活中俯拾即來的現成物(ready-made)來表達藝術思想