字相关的句式和固定格式的考察-长江大学.doc

与“由”字相关的句式和固定格式的考察 长江大学外国语学院 英语2049班 张燕 200407332 摘 要：本文针对介词“由”展开研究，介词是汉语虚词当中功用较为复杂、涉及因素较广的一类，在汉语语法体系中占有十分重要的地位，同时也是对外汉语教学的重点和难点之一.在第二语言学习中，介词的习得是比较困难的，这固然与其本身比较复杂有很大的关系，但与我们对介词的研究还不够有一定的关系。随着语言学的发展，从不同角度对介词进行的个案研究不少，如“把”的研究(张伯江2000;张旺熹，2001;沈家煊，2002);“在”的研究(沈家煊，1999;张赦，2001;崔希亮，2000, 2001)等等，本文讨论“由”作介词时所构成的句式，即“由”字句，主要考察“由X”位于句首的格式及与“由”字相关的固定格式，在语法分析三个平面理论的指导下，分析它们各自不同的句法、语义、语用特征。 关键词：“由”字句；句法；语义；语用 Abstract: This text research to the question of preposition from, preposition is comparatively complicated and relatively wide one in the Chinese function word, it is occupy very important position in the grammar system of Chinese, it is one of the focal points of teaching foreign Chinese and difficult points at the same time. In the second language being while studying, practice preposition getting more difficult, this is no doubt until it is getting more complicated relation to itself of it, but still not enough to relate with our study on preposition. With the development of linguistics, much to case study that the preposition carries on from different angles, such as the research of hold (2000 of Zhang Bojiang; Zhang Wangxi, 2001; The Shenjiaxuan, 2002); in study by Xuan,1999; One remits a punishment, 2001; Xi Liang Cui, 2000, 2001)etc., This text to discuss from formed at the time of preposition of doing, i.e. from words and expressions, it investigate mainly from X last form of beginning of the sentence and from word relevant forms fixed, under the guidance of three level theories of syntactic analysis, it is analyzed that their ones own sentence structures, semanteme, language use the characteristic. Keywords: from words and expressions; Sentence structure; Semanteme ; The language is used. “由”字句是介词“由”带上宾语至于句子谓语中心词之前作状语的句子，是介词宾语作状语的中心谓语句中的一种。“由”字句的基本格式是“A+由X+B”，本文主要讨论与“由”字句相关的句式和固定格式。 与“由”字相关的句式 1.由X+NP+VP 这是一种由“由”字介引的宾语位于句首的句子，我们依次将其分为前段“由X”、中段NP、后段VP。 1.1句法分析 1.1.1 前段X的成分可以是名词性的词语，也可以是动词性的词语。如： 由这些老友，他看出自己这场事不但办得热闹，