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第二编 四、形容词和副词;知识讲义;(一)形容词的用法及位置
1.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等,作定语时一般放在名词前。如:
Mary has a nice toy.(作定语)
He is tall.(作表语)
We must keep our classroom clean.(作宾补); 2.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。如:
She has something exciting to tell us.
He is sure there’s nothing wrong in the sentence.;(二)副词的种类、用法及位置
1.副词的种类
(1)时间副词
①表示大体时间:now,then/at that moment,yesterday,today,tonight,before,just now,recently,so far; ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardly ever,never
③其他作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,at first,at last/finally/in the end; (2)地点副词
①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere
②表位置关系(有的后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past; (3)方式副词表示谓语动词“怎样地”(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly; (4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly
(5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句:how,when,where,why; (6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why
(7)关系副词引导定语从句:when,where,why
(8)其他性质的副词对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:unfortunately/ unluckily/ fortunately/luckily(不幸/幸运的是),first of all(首先)等;2.副词的用法及位置
(1)修饰动词作状语
①多数位于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语之后。如:
Kate sings well.
She speaks English badly.
The nurse looks after the babies carefully.; ②频度副词常放???行为动词前,be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。如:
He always goes to school by bike.
She was often late for school.
The old man has never been to Beijing.; (2)修饰形容词作状语,放在形容词前。如:
He has a very nice watch.
The scenery in Anhui is quite beautiful.
(3)修饰另一副词作状语,放在另一副词前。如:
Tom draws pictures quite well.
You speak too fast. I can’t understand
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