2019版高考英语一轮复习 精细化学通语法 第七讲 动词的时态与语态讲义.docVIP

第七讲 动词的时态与语态 各种时态与语态的构成 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 一般 do/does am/is/ are done did was/ were done shall/ will do shall/ will be done should/ would do should/ would be done 进行 am/is/ are doing am/is/are being done was/ were doing was/were being done shall/will be doing shall/will be being done should/would be doing should/would be being done 完成 have/ has done have/has been done had done had been done shall/will have done shall/will have been done should/would have done should/would have been done 完成 进行 have/has been doing — had been doing — shall/will have been doing — should/would have been doing — 各种时态的用法 1.一般现在时 (1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。 (2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. 冰摸上去是冷的。 They always care for each other and help each other. 他们总是互相关心、互相帮助。 (3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词(短语)常用一般现在时，如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。 All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 这儿所有的学生都来自一中。 (4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。 Ill write to her when I have time. 有时间我会写信给她。 (5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词如come, go，leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day. 这家商店每天晚上11点关门。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。 2．一般过去时 (1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事。 We met her in the street yesterday. 我们昨天在街上遇见她了。 When he was young, he took cold baths regularly. 他年轻时经常洗凉水澡。 I didnt expect to see you studying at the library. 我没料到会看见你在图书馆学习。 (2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。 He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 他告诉我他昨晚读了一本有趣的小说。 (3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时，如but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute等。 He bought a watch but lost it. 他买了一块表但是丢了。 The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. 她一进来就