华中农业大学微生物6课件.pptVIP

Chapter 6 Microbial Nutrition and Metabolism Concepts Microorganisms require about 10 elements in large quantities, in part because they are used to construct carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Several other elements are needed in very small amount and are parts of enzymes and cofactors. All microorganisms can be placed in one of a few nutritional categories on the bases of their requirements for carbon, energy and hydrogen atoms or electrons. Nutrient molecules frequently cannot cross selectively permeable plasma membranes through passive diffusion. They must be transported by one of three major mechanisms involving the use of membrane carrier proteins. Macronutrients 95% or more of cell dry weight is made up of a few major elements: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. The first six ( C, H, O, N, P and S) are components of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids Culture media are needed to grow microorganisms in the laboratory and to carry out specialized procedures like microbial identification, water and food analysis, and the isolation of particular microorganisms. A wide variety of media is available for these and other purposes. Pure cultures can be obtained through the use of spread plates, streak plates, or pour plates and are required for the careful study of an individual microbial species. 6.5 Fermentation :The Embden-Meyerhof Pathway A fermentation is an internally balanced oxidation-reduction reaction in which some atoms of the energy source (electron donor) become more reduced whereas others become more oxidized, and energy is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. Energy conservation in fermentation and respiration Embden-Meyerhof pathway Glycolysis: A common biochemical pathway for the fermentation of glucose is glycolysis, also named the Embden-Meyerhof pathway for its major discoverers. Can be divided into three major s