03_simulators-MWO培训教程.ppt

Available Simulators Linear Nonlinear Harmonic Balance (HB) HSPICE (HS) Linearized Harmonic Balance Electromagnetic Circuit Simulation Taxonomy Linear Simulator Analyze circuits that are function of frequency, but are independent of drive level. Uses the nodal admittance matrix method Linear elements: Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors Microstrip, Stripline, and Coaxial lines Circuit Examples: Filters, Couplers, Dividers, and Low noise amplifiers Linear Simulator cont. Measurements associated with linear circuit analysis S-parameters, Gain, Stability, Noise Figure, Reflection Coefficient, Gain Noise Circles. Can’t Do: Nonlinear Effects: Mixers, Compression,... Probe Nodes. Only can look at ports. Transients: Start Up Conditions,... But – Can do a step/impulse response. Nonlinear Harmonic Balance Simulator Use for the analysis of high-frequency nonlinear circuits Examples: Distributed elements, mixers, power amps, and oscillators Multi-tone simulations High Q circuits High frequency carrier modulated by a slow sinusoid Analyze circuits in the frequency domain Harmonic Balance cont. Harmonic balance simulator imposes the steady-state conditions and uses a phasor expansion of the unknown signals. Simulation times are independent on the length of circuit transients. Harmonic Balance Solver Overview Partitions circuit into a linear and nonlinear subcircuits with the interconnecting voltages Vn(w) as unknowns Solves in both time and frequency domains to satisfy KCL. Iterative process that estimates corrects Vn(w) to the desired accuracy. HB Advantages Advantages: Can handle nonlinear circuits in the frequency domain Ideally suited for modulated carrier type problems Ideally suited for mixers of different frequencies Noise analysis is handled naturally Can include transmission line models easily HB Disadvantages Disadvantages: Does not handle strong nonlinearities as well as TD analysis - switches Does not handle large signals as well as TD analysis Cannot s