the role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of：磷脂在营养和代谢中的作用_推荐.pdfVIP

1 2 The role of phospholipids in nutrition and metabolism of teleost fish 3 4 1* 2 2 5 Douglas R. Tocher , Eldar Å. Bendiksen , Patrick J. Campbell and J. Gordon 6 Bell1 7 8 9 1Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. 10 2BioMar AS, Nordregt. 11, N-7484 Trondheim, Norway. 11 12 13 14 15 Keywords: Teleosts; fish; phospholipids; requirements; nutrition; metabolism; dietary supply; 16 plant meals; cholesterol 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 *, Correspondence to: Douglas Tocher, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling 25 FK9 4LA, United Kingdom. Tel. No: +44 1786 467996; Fax No: +44 1786 472133; Email: 26 d.r.tocher@stir.ac.uk 27 1 27 Abstract 28 It has been known for almost 25 years now that inclusion of intact phospholipids in the diet could 29 improve culture performance of various freshwater and marine fish species. The primary 30 beneficial effect was improved growth in both larvae and early juveniles, but also increased 31 survival rates and decreased incidence of malformation in larvae, and perhaps increased stress 32 resistance. Determination of absolute dietary requirements has been hampered by the use, in 33 different dietary trials, of a wide range of phospholipid preparations that can vary greatly both in 34 phospholipid content and class composition. Larval studies have been compromised further by the 35 need on many occasions to supply phospholipid through enrichment of live feeds with subsequent 36 re-modelling of the phospholipid and fatty acid compositions. Generally, the levels of 37 phospholipid requirement are around 2 - 4% of diet for juvenile fish and probably higher in larval 38 fish. The effects were restricted to young fish,