化工原理 英文 讲义 chemical engineering principles 1.1 Units and dimensions.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Units and Dimensions 1.1 Introduction Unit : Physical quantity= number +unit Length = 1m= 1000mm Dimension It is an abstraction of all kinds of units for a physical quantity It is used to express the property of measurement of physical quantity. A physical property, such as mass, length, time, or a combination thereof, regarded as a fundamental measure or as one of a set of fundamental measures of a physical quantity. Dimension length –L time –T mass – M temperature -- ? Velocity has the dimensions of length divided by time. L/T 1slug=1lbf/(ft/s2)=32.174 lb m=F/a 1 kg=2.2046 lb 1 lb=0.4536 kg 1lbf=32.174 pdl 1 pdl =0.1383 N 1 kgf=9.8 N Viscosity and Newton viscosity Law Viscosity ? : ML-1T-1 Pa.s Kinematics viscosity :L2T-1 (运动粘度) * * eg. Difference between D. and U. There is one dimension for a physical quantity which may have more than one units. eg. D U length L m, cm, mm ,km, ft… time T s, min, hrs mass M kg lb (pound)… temperature ? K, F, ?C Basic and Derived Basic physical quantity: L, T, M, ? Others can be derived from these basic physical quantities . Velocity: Acceleration: Force: There are many ways to choose basic phy. quan. use zone history Generally, M, L, T, ? L, F, T, ? M, L, T, F, ? 1.2 Systems of Units SI-- System International Units cgs – most of the physical properties determined in lab fps – foot-pound-second system Engineering unit– used in industry SI cgs fps eng. L m cm ft cm ft M kg g lb kgf.s2/cm slug