液气压传动 第一章 概述.pptVIP

液气压传动及控制Fluid Power with Applications 刘 甦 * * 第一章 概述（Introduction） 1.1 什么是流体传动？（WHAT IS FLUID POWER?） 1.流体传动与控制（Fluid power and control） 流体传动是一门利用有压力的流体实现动力的产生、控制和传输的技术。可以这么说流体传动是运动机器的动力。这是因为流体传动被用来实现现代工业所有机器的推、拉、调节或驱动（Fluid power is the technology which deals with generation, control, and transmission of power using pressurized fluids. It can be said that fluid power is the muscle that moves industry. This is because fluid power is used to push, pull，regulate, or drive virtually all the machines of modern industry.）。例如：流体传动操纵和制动汽车、发射宇宙飞船、运输 土方、收割庄稼、采煤、驱动机床、操纵飞机、加工食品、甚至于钻牙等。事实上， 在产品的加工或销售过程的某些环节离开了流体传动与控制几乎是不可能实现的（For example, fluid power steers and brakes automobiles, launches spacecrafts, moves earth, harvests crops, mines coal, drives machine tools, controls airplanes, processes food, and even drills teeth. In fact, it is almost impossible to find a manufactured product which hasn’t been “fluid-powered” in some way at some stage of its production or distribution.）。 2.流体传动的介质（Fluid power medium） 鉴于流体既可以是液体也可以是气体，流体传动与控制包含液压传动和气压传动。液压系统使用像石油基润滑油、水、合成油甚至金属溶液这样的液体。气压传动以空气作为传动介质，因为空气非常丰富并且在完成指定的工作后容易排入大气（Since a fluid can be either a liquid or a gas, fluid power is actually the general term used for hydraulics and pneumatics. Hydraulic systems use liquids such as petroleum oils, water, synthetic oils, and even molten metals. Pneumatic systems use air as the gas medium because air is very abundant and can be readily exhausted into the atmosphere after completing its assigned task）。 3.流体系统的类型（Types of fluid systems） 认识到，实际上有两种不同类型的流体系统：流体 输送和流体传动。（It should be realized that there are actually two different types of fluid systems: fluid transport and fluid power）。 ?流体输送系统（Fluid transport systems）：其唯一目的是将流体从某个地方输送到另一地方以满足某些用途。例子包括抽水站抽水到家，跨国的天然气管道，化学处理系统中的各种流体汇集。（Fluid transport systems have as their sole objective the delivery of a fluid from one location to another to accomplish some useful