毕业论文油菜EGMS＋CMS双重不育系构建及其特征.docVIP

油菜EGMS＋CMS双重不育系构建及其特征 学生：霍敏 指导老师：于澄宇 摘 要：油菜细胞质雄性不育作为生产油菜杂交种的主要授粉控制系统得到广泛利用， 但由于油菜种内自然发生的有利用价值的雄性不育细胞质类型不多， 所以种属间转移现有不育细胞质及发掘新型不育细胞质意义重大。体细胞杂交不仅避开了有性杂交亲和障碍的限制， 还可实现两个杂交亲本细胞质基因组的重组， 是一种快速有效、 应用广泛的转移和诱导雄性不育细胞质的手段。本文综述了利用原生质体杂交技术在油菜种内、 种间和属间转移雄性不育细胞质以及通过细胞质基因组重组改良和创建新型雄性不育细胞质的研究进展， 并讨论了利用体细胞杂交方法创建新型雄性不育细胞质的应用前景。 关键词：油菜；雄性不育细胞质；原生质体融合；远缘杂交；线粒体基因重组 Induction and improvement of cytoplasmic male sterility in oilseed brassica by somatic hybridization Abstract:Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been widely used as an efficient pollination control systemfor oilseed rape hybrid production.The natural occurrence of CMS ,however ,has rarely been found in Brassica species ,with Polima CMS as the only useful one for hybrid production.Hence the transfer and induction of new male sterile cytoplasm is very important for the application of heterosis in Brassica crops.Somatic hybridization as an approach for the transfer and induction of CMS is highly efficient because it bypasses sexual incompatibility and recombines the cytoplasmic genomes of two parental lines. It is reviewed in this paper that the transfer and induction of CMS trait within species or between species and genera by protoplast fusion methodology establish valuable CMS in agriculturally important species or varieties of oilseed Brassica.The perspective of somatic hybridization and the potential of the established novel CMS systems for oilseed rape hybrid improvement are also discussed. Key words:oilseed rape;cytoplasmic male;protoplast fusion;remote hybridization;mitochondrial recombination 综 述：由于油菜杂种优势利用在提高油菜产量方面发挥着重大作用，细胞质雄性不育 （cytoplasmic male sterility， 简称 cms）作为生产油菜杂交种的主要授粉控制系统越来越受到重视。油菜中存在着较多的细胞质雄性不育系统， 根据细胞质来源可分为同源细胞质雄性不育和异源细胞质雄性不育。波里马（polcms）、nap cms/MI CMS和Nca CMS的细胞质来源于油菜栽培种本身，属于前者；ogura cms、tour CMS、Nsa CMS的细胞质来源于油菜的近缘属，则属于后者。前者是在自然繁殖过程中或品种间杂交时，因核基因突变或纯合导致恢复基因丢失，细胞质雄性不育性状得以表现；后者则是由于种属间杂交造成细胞质和细胞核基因组重组，细胞核中恢复基因被置换去除，或直接通过体细胞杂交转移不育细胞质，或重组细胞质基因组而诱导产生的。后者不育性稳定，不易受环境条件的影响，比前者更具利用价值。 油菜是容易进行原生质体操作的少数几