基因的分子生物学第8章（张翼老师）（如有需要再继续更新）.ppt

Initiating replication in bacteria DnaA recruits the DNA helicase DnaB and the helicase loader DnaC DnaB interacts with primase to initiate RNA primer synthesis. Figure 8-27* Initiating replication in eukaryotes Eukaryotic chromosome are replicated exactly once per cell cycle, which is critical for these organisms Binding and unwinding Pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) formation and activation directs the initiation of replication in eukaryotes Initiation in eukaryotes requires two distinct steps: 1st step---Replicator selection: the process of identifying sequences for replication initiation (G1 phase), which is mediated by the formation of pre-RCs at the replicator region. Figure 8-30 pre-RC formation 2nd step---Origin activation: pre-RCs are activated by two protein kinases (Cdk and Ddk) that are active only when the cells enter S phase. Figure 8-31: Activation of the pre-RC leads to the assembly of the eukaryotic replication fork. Pre-RC formation and activation is tightly regulated to allow only a single round of replication during each cell cycle. Only one opportunity for pre-RCs to form, and only one opportunity for pre-RC activation. Figure 8-32 Effect of Cdk activity on pre-RC formation and activation Figure 8-33 Cell cycle regulation of Cdk activity and pre-RC formatin Finishing replication CHAPTER 8 The replication of DNA Finishing replication in bacteria: Type II topoisomerases separate daughter DNA molecules Finishing replication Figure 8-34 Topoisomerase II catalyze the decatenation of replication products. Finishing replication in eukaryotes: The end replication problem Telomere telomerase: a link with cancer and aging Finishing replication What is the end replication problem? Lagging strand synthesis is unable to copy the extreme ends of the linear chromosome Figure 8-34 Telomerase is a novel DNA polymerase that does not require an exogenous template How telomerase works?Telomerase extends the protruding 3’ end of the chromosome using its RNA co