金属塑性成形7)strain hardening.ppt

7 Strain hardening 7.1 Types of material models Rigid-perfect plastic o Elastic perfect plastic o Elastic linear work hardening o Power law hardening o 7.2 Effective stress and effective strain curve determined by tensile test For work hardening materials, the effective stress is a function of effective strain. It is generally assumed that metals of a kind follow the same effective stress and effective strain relation, regardless of the stress state the material is subjected to. This feature of material behavior have given us great flexibility in obtaining the effective stress and effective strain curve. In fact, the most often used method is uniaxial tensile test. The stress and strain relation obtained form a uniaxial tensile test is equal in magnitude to the effective stress and effective strain relation of the material. The effective stress and effective strain relation curve is a prerequisite for the analysis of the plastic deformation. Present used methods are not yet satisfactory. Efforts have been spent on finding more accurate and practical ways of determining effective stress and effective strain curve. Procedure to obtain the effective stress and effective strain curve True stress-strain o A’’ Engineering stress-strain o A’ l0 = initial length A0 = initial cross sectional area Load-displacement o Uniform deformation necking A Instability point The true stress-strain curve is often approximated by the power law expression 7.3 Power law approximation of the true stress-strain curve When proper n-value (workhardening exponent) and k-value are selected, equation (7.1) gives reasonably good approximation of the material behavior. 7.1 o n=0 n=1 1n0 From the figure below we can see that at the instability point, 7.4 Characteristics of the instability point in tensile test Load-displacement o Uniform deformation necking Instability point dP=0 Power law hardening o Instability point Deter