基于拉锥方法的长周期光纤光栅制备及应用分析-preparation and application analysis of long-period fiber grating based on taper method.docxVIP
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基于拉锥方法的长周期光纤光栅制备及应用分析-preparation and application analysis of long-period fiber grating based on taper method
摘要长周期光纤光栅的周期相对较长,满足相位匹配条件的是同向传输的纤芯模与包层模,这一特点导致了长周期光纤光栅的谐振波长和幅值对外界环境的变化非常敏感。本文采用电加热式熔融拉锥法实现长周期光纤光栅的制备,此方法的优点是不需要掺杂高敏性材料、载氢等特殊工艺,制作简单、热稳定性好。电加热式熔融拉锥法制备的光纤光栅为结构调制型光纤光栅,这种结构的光纤光栅在高温下是稳定的,而且随着温度的升高,其灵敏度会更大,特别适合于制作高温传感器。本文开展了基于拉锥方法的长周期光纤光栅制备及其传感特性研究,主要研究工作如下:1、利用改进的耦合模理论-局域耦合模理论,分析了结构调制型长周期光纤光栅的形成机理与耦合特性,对其模式耦合特性进行了仿真,并给出了纤芯基模与一阶各次包层模的耦合情况,得出了拉锥区域的有效折射率的变化。2、利用ANSYS建立了光纤熔融拉锥粘弹有限元分析模型,分析了高温下光纤应力、应变特性。距离加热元件中心越近,温场与应力越均匀,远离加热元件中心,沿着光纤径向方向,光纤应力分布不均匀,与表面的应力差逐渐增加,尤其是在锥腰处光纤的应力梯度最大。3、通过实验验证了电加热式熔融拉锥法制备长周期光纤光栅的可行性与稳定性,分析了不同拉锥次数,拉锥深度,拉锥功率及拉锥速度等工艺参数对锥区的影响,并对参数进行了优化设计,制备出谐振幅值为20-30dB,谐振波长可控的长周期光纤光栅。4、开展了长周期光纤光栅温度传感、轴向应力及其弯曲特性的实验研究。基于拉锥方法在标准单模光纤上写入的LPFG,其谐振波长随着温度的升高而减小,灵敏度约为63pm/℃。LPFG的谐振波长与轴向应变的呈线性关系,随着轴向应变的增加谐振波长向短波方向漂移,灵敏度约为-1.40pm/με。弯曲特性的灵敏度为10.52nm?m。关键词:电加热;熔融拉锥;长周期光纤光栅;局域耦合模理论;ANSYS热分析ABSTRACTTheperiodofLongperiodfibergratingisrelativelylong.Thephasematchingconditionmeetswiththecoremodeandcladdingmodesofthesamedirectiontotransmission,whichfeaturesleadstotheresonantwavelengthandamplitudeoftheLPFGareverysensitivetochangesintheexternalenvironment.Inthispaper,weachievethepreparationoflongperiodfibergratingbyusingelectricheatingfusedmethod.Thismethodhasmanyadvantages,suchaseaseoffabrication,goodthermalstability.Moreover,thismethoddoesnotrequirespecialprocess,suchasdopedhigh-sensitive,hydrogenloadedfiber.Electricheatingfusedpreparedfibergratingisamodulatedfibergratingstructure,thestructureofthefibergratingisstableathightemperatures,andasthetemperatureincreases,thesensitivitywillbeevengreater,particularlysuitablefortheproductionofhightemperaturesensors.Wecarriedoutpreparationandsensingcharacteristicsoflong-periodfibergratingbasedonthetaperingmethod,themainresearchworkareasfollows:WeanalysistheformationmechanismandthecouplingcharacteristicsofthestructuralmodulationofLPFGbyusinganimprovedcoupledmodetheory-localcoupled-modetheory.Moreover,wegivethefundamentalmodeofthecorewithaordercladdingmodecouplingthroughsimulatemodecouplingcharacteristics.Infinally,wedrawthetheeffectiverefractivein
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