Chapter semantics 语言学概论 培训讲解.pptVIP

Chapter FiveMeaning;1. The Study of Meaning;2. Semantic Meaning;Logicians and philosophers have tended to concentrate on a restricted range of sentences (typically, statements, or ‘propositions’) within a single language. The linguistic approach is broader in scope, aiming to study the properties of meaning in a systematic and objective way, with reference to as wide a range of utterances and languages as possible.;3. The meaning of meaning;What does ‘capitalist’ mean to you?;Geoffrey Leech (1974, 1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Seven types of meaning: Conceptual meaning(概念意义) Connotative meaning（内涵意义） Social meaning（社会意义） Affective meaning （感情意义） Reflected meaning （反射意义） Collocative meaning（搭配意义） Thematic meaning （主题意义）;(1) Conceptual meaning;(2) Connotative meaning;Involving the ‘real world’ experience one associates with an expression when one uses or hears it. Unstable: they vary considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual. Any characteristic of the referent, identified subjectively or objectively, may contribute to the connotative meaning of the expression which denotes it.;;Step mother;;(3) Social meaning;domicile: very formal, official residence: formal abode: poetic home: general steed: poetic horse: general nag: slang gee-gee: baby language;(4) Affective meaning;‘Colorful’ meaning;(5) Reflected meaning;(6) Collocative meaning;(7) Thematic meaning;4. The Theory of Reference; airplane;5. Sense;5. Sense;6. Sense Relations;6.1 Synonymy;6.2 Gradable antonymy （等级反义关系） ;6.3 Complementary （互补） antonymy;6.4 Converse （反向）antonymy;6.5 Hyponymy; Animalbird fish insect animal human animal tiger lion elephant ...;7. Componential Analysis;More complex ones;8. Meaning Syntactic Structure;The cat is chasing the mouse. The mouse is chasing the cat. I have read that book. That book I have read. The daughter of Queen Elizabeth’s son is the son of Queen Elizabe