Ray Optic 《天线与电波传播》课件技术方案.pptVIP

* 4.5 Ray Optic * According to ray optics the electromagnetic field everywhere is locally a plane wave and propagates in straight lines, i.e., along straight rays, in homogeneous media. At a boundary between two different media the ray are reflected or refracted at the tangent plane according to Snell’s law, and the Fresnel reflection coefficients hold. The power is viewed as flowing in flux tubes, and if a flux tube is reflected from a perfectly conducting surface the power in the reflected flux tube equals that in the incident flux tube. If the reflecting surface is a plane, the solid angle of the incident and reflected flux tubes are the same. If the reflecting surface is curved, the rays forming the boundary of the reflected flux tube may have a greater divergence than those of the incident flux tube or they may converge, depending on whether the surface is convex or concave. The electric and magnetic fields are transported along the flux tubes, and their polarization or orientation in space does not change except upon reflection or refraction at a boundary. The electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular and orthogonal to the rays. * (4.54) * * (4.55a) (4.55b) * * * Gaussian curvature of the wave-front surface * * (4.58) * (4.59) (4.60) (4 .61)