七年制局解-颈部.pptVIP

introduction 介于头与胸、上肢之间。 呼吸道、消化道颈部 甲状腺、甲状旁腺 血管、神经、淋巴 颈部结构配布特点 由头部下降入胸腔的消化管和呼吸道的器官，纵行于脊柱前方，其两侧为纵行的血管和神经；胸部、颈部到上肢的血管和神经，横行 运动灵活，肌数目多，前部细小，两侧和后部粗大 筋膜和蜂窝组织发达，层次多 颈部器官和血管在头颈运动时位置不固定 淋巴结多 middle layer (the visceral fascia, pretracheal fascia or pretracheal layer): （内脏筋膜，气管前筋膜或气管前层） --- thyroid sheath（甲状腺鞘） Deep layer (prevertebral fascia): （椎前筋膜） --- the axillary sheath （腋鞘） carotid sheath （颈动脉鞘） Anterior region（颈前区）: —suprahyoid region: submental triangle（颏下三角） submandibular triangle （下颌下三角） —infrahyoid region: carotid triangle（颈动脉三角） muscular triangle（肌三角） position Left and right lobes: lie on either side of inferior part of larynx and superior part of trachea, extend from middle of thyroid cartilage to level of sixth trachea cartilage Isthmus: overlies 2nd to 4th tracheal cartilage Arteries of thyroid gland and nerves of larynx  Superior thyroid a. Branch of external carotid a. Runs superficial and parallel to the external branch of superior laryngeal n. to reach the upper pole of thyroid gland Gives off superior laryngeal a. in company with internal branch of superior laryngeal n. Superior laryngeal nerve -----arises from vagas nerve Internal branch which pierces thyrohyoid membrane to innervates mucous membrane of larynx above fissure of glottis External branch is fine n., which descends in company with the superior thyroid a. and supplies cricothyroid Inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉 Branch of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery. Turns medially and downward, reaches the posterior border of the thyroid gland and is closely related to the recurrent laryngeal n. Supplies inferior pole of thyroid gland Ascend in tracheo-esophageal groove Pass deep to the lobe of the thyroid gland and come into close relationship with the inferior thyroid a. Cross either in front of or behind the artery of may pass between its branches Nerves enter larynx posterior to cricothyroid join