英文结构的可靠性.pptVIP

Reliability of Structure S.W. Hao * Within the framework of Civil Engineering, structural engineering is the discipline that creates the structural forms that serve to provide shelter, electrical power, and transportation for the population. The basic concept of a successful design is that the Demands of the applied loads must be less than the Supply of the strength and stiffness provided by the structural members. A Civil Engineering Designer has to ensure that the structures and facilities he designs are (i) fit for their purpose (ii) safe and (iii) economical and durable. Thus safety is one of the paramount responsibilities of the designer. However, it is difficult to assess at the design stage how safe a proposed design will actually be. There is, in fact, a great deal of uncertainty about the many factors, These uncertainties together make it impossible for a designer to guarantee that a structure will be absolutely safe. All that the designer can ensure is that the risk of failure is extremely small, despite the uncertainties. Reliability(Functionality): Serviceability The structure has to be designed to function properly during its anticipated service life. This usually means that excessive deformations and undesired vibrations should be not occur.. Safety The structure must be designed with sufficient strength and stiffness to resist the design loads and have enough reserve deformation capacity to maintain life safety under possible extreme loads. Durability –Sustainability of Civil Engineering Structures These loads are termed the “dead load” since they are fixed with regard to both position and magnitude. Occupancy loads are considered to be “live loads” since both their magnitude and location are uncertain. Two basic philosophies are currently used for structural designs: One is Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and the other is Limit States Design. Allowable stress = failure (limit) stress/ factor of safety *