对外汉语教师教学机智研究——基于教学案例分析(修改20120407).doc

对外汉语教师教学机智研究——基于教学案例分析 摘要 对外汉语教师在教学中需要处理一些突发的随机事件，为了更好地处理这些事件，提出了教学机智研究。教学机智研究是提升教师教学水平的内在要求，也是加强对外汉语教学的客观需要。近些年来，有关教学机智的理论研究已经比较成熟，学者们倾向于把教学机智认定为一种能力，重视教师的主导地位对教学机智的影响，紧密围绕课堂教学对教学机智进行有关教学经验的研究和论述。然而，他们在教学机智的指向性、其他因素、经验研究、应用研究和教学质量问题方面研究不多。本文在前人研究的基础上，分析归纳教学机智的概念、特点、功能、影响因素；根据大量的对外汉语教学案例，对课堂偶发事件进行实证分析，对比对外汉语教师与国内语文教师的差异性，分析在中国传统教育模式中诞生的对外汉语教师携带着哪些不利于教学机智发挥的干扰因素，以及对外汉语教师的教学机智在课堂中的具体体现；借助问卷调查和访谈调查，分析了影响对外汉语教师教学机智的因素，提出了培养对外汉语教师的教学机智的建议，以为他人对相关课题的研究提供借鉴。 关键词：教学机智；偶发事件；培养；因素；策略 Abstract Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language(TCFL) often have to deal with unexpected events in teaching, that is why teaching wit is researched. Research on teaching wit is needed to enhance teaching level of TCFL and strengthen the foreign language teaching. In recent years, scholars tend to identify teaching wit as a type of ability and focus on the dominant position of teachers and teaching experience in the research. However, they did little research on the factors, empirical research, applied research and teaching quality issues. In this paper, the concept of teaching wit, features, functions and factors were analyzed and summarized based on previous studies. According to a large number of foreign language teaching cases, classroom contingencies, interference factors of TCFL born in China as well as embodied of teaching wit in the classroom were analyzed by comparison with differences between TCFL and foreign language teachers. After questionnaires and analysis of factors affecting TCFL in teaching, suggestions on how to train the ability of teaching wit of TCFL was proposed to provide future research with useful information. Key Words: teaching wit; designon contingency; cultivation;factor; strategy 引言 （一） 研究的缘起和意义 1.问题的提出1.1对外汉语教学发展迅速 随着我国社会经济的飞速发展，国际贸易往来日趋频繁。为了更好的与中国人交流并了解中国文化，越来越多的外国人学习汉语；国外学者为了更深入地研究中国文化，也要通过学习汉语来实现。越来越多的外国人意识到学习汉语的重要性，学习中文成为一种时尚。汉语正逐步成为一种新的强势语言，汉语的强势走向使得“汉语热”一浪高过一浪，全球“汉语热”频频升温。目前，我国在近百个国家和地区开设了317所孔子学院，390个孔子课堂，孔子学院专职教师1900人。但这些只是表面现象，如果冷静下来分析，我们就会发现，中国对外汉语的推广之路并不