chap2 Origin of Coal 煤化学教材.pptVIP

Origin of Coal What Is Coal and How Does It Form?;What is Coal?;How Does Coal Form?;To form the thick layer of plant debris required to produce a coal seam the rate of plant debris accumulation must be greater than the rate of decay. Once a thick layer of plant debris is formed it must be buried by sediments such as mud or sand. These are typically washed into the swamp by a flooding river. The weight of these materials compacts the plant debris and aids in its transformation into coal. About ten feet of plant debris will compact into just one foot of coal. ① coal seam：煤层;How Does Coal Form?;What is Coal Rank?;What is Coal Rank?; Coalification can be described geochemically as consisting of three processes: the microbiological degradation of the cellulose of the initial plant material, the conversion of the lignin of the plants into humic substances, and the condensation of these humic substances into larger coal molecules. The kind of decaying vegetation, conditions of decay, depositional environment, and movements of the Earth’s crust are important factors in determining the nature, quality, and relative position of the coal seams . ①cellulose/ hemicellulose 纤维素 ② lignin 木质素 ③protein 蛋白质 ④ lipoidsubstance ⑤carbohydrate 碳水化合物 ;The factors affecting coalification ;The geochemical phase of the coalification process is the application of temperature and pressure over millions of years and is the most important factor of the coalification process. While there is some disagreement as to which has been more important in promoting the chemical and physical changes—high pressures exerted by massive overburdening strata or time-temperature factors—the changes are characterized physically by decreasing porosity. ① gelification 凝胶化作用 ② porosity 多孔性;Peat;Bituminous