Chap8_1_Cellular Wireless Networks and Security 无线网络与 及安全 .pptVIP

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) GSM uses 124 frequency channels, each of which uses an eight-slot TDM system D-AMPS is used in the U.S. and Japan, while GSM is used everywhere else. Both D-AMPS and GSM use FDM + TDM (for each frequency channel). A channel in GSM is 200 kHz – higher data rate per user. A channel in D-AMPS is 30 kHz. GSM (2) A portion of the GSM framing structure. GSM Network Architecture Dr. Du dxj2005@ Chapter 8.1  Cellular Wireless Networks Cellular Wireless Networks Mobile Telephone System First-Generation Mobile Phones: Analog Voice Using analog modulation - The traditional method of modulating radio signals so that they can carry information. E.g., AM (amplitude modulation) and FM (frequency modulation). Second-Generation (2G) Mobile Phones: Digital Voice Using digital modulation - reduces voice to binary code - the zeros and ones. At the receiving end, the information is reconverted. Digital transmission offers stronger reception, less static, greater call handling capacity, fewer dropped calls, and improved call privacy. Third-Generation (3G) Mobile Phones: Digital Voice and Data. Sprint and Verizon offer EVDO (Evolution-Data Optimized) 3G data service for cell phones. Fourth - Generation (4G) Mobile Phones: WiMAX – Cellular Network Organization Use multiple low-power transmitters (100 W or less) Areas divided into cells Each served by its own antenna Served by base station consisting of transmitter, receiver, and control unit Band of frequencies allocated Cells set up such that antennas of all neighbors are equidistant (hexagonal pattern) Frequency Reuse Adjacent cells assigned different frequencies to avoid interference or crosstalk Objective is to reuse frequency in nearby cells 10 - 50 frequencies assigned to each cell Transmission power controlled to limit power at that frequency escaping to adjacent cells The issue is to determine how many cells must intervene between two cells using the same frequency Approaches