Chapter 12 Plant Growth and development (I) 植物生理学 知识介绍.pptVIP

Plant growth and development (I);Concepts;生长（Growth）：植物在体积、数量和重量上的不可逆增加过程，是一种量的变化。 分化（Differentiation）：是植物细胞、组织和器官在形态结构、内部代谢和生理功能方面的变化，是质变过程。 发育（Development）：是植物生长和分化的总和，是植物生长和分化的动态过程。;Growth analysis: kinematics;Cell division;Cell growth;Growth direction: assemble and disassemble of microtubules and microfilaments?;Cell differentiation: initiation and regulations;Polarity is the first step of cell differentiation;Pattern Formation in the Arabidopsis Embryo Revealed by Position-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Gene Expression. The Plant Cell, 1996, 8, 783-791 ;Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions. Nature, 2008, 456, 962-966 ;Rab5-mediated endocytosis is required for PIN polarization. a, b, PIN1 (a) and PIN2 (b) polarity is defective in DN-Ara7 and atvps9a-2. Note the polar localization of PINs in wild type (WT; left panels, yellow arrowheads) and their largely non-polar localization in DN-Ara7 and atvps9a-2 (middle and right panels, yellow arrowheads). c, d, Quantitative evaluation of PIN1 (c) and PIN2 (d) polarity defects. Data are mean and s.d.; n563 and 38 (c and d, respectively). e, Post-induction (3 h) XVE-PIN1 localization in wild type and in DN-Ara7. Note that in wild type (WT) induced PIN1 becomes polar (left panel, yellow arrowheads), whereas in DN-Ara7 seedlings it remains largely non-polar (right panel, yellow arrowheads). All are root cells. Scale bars are 5 mm.;Manipulation of the Rab5 pathway during embryogenesis leads to defects in PIN polarity, auxin response distribution and embryo development. ;Phosphorylation of conserved PIN motifs directs Arabidopsis PIN1 polarity and auxin transport. The Plant Cell, 2010, 22, 1129-1142 ;PIN phosphorylation is sufficient to mediate PIN polarity and direct auxin transport. PNAS, 2010, 107, 918-922 ;Rop GTPase: a master switch of cell polarity development in plants. Trends in Plant Science, 2001, 6, 545-547 ;Differentiation of stomata;A Cell’s Fate Is D