英美概况 教学课件 齐智英英美概况电子教案齐智英 unit .pptVIP

Unit Eight As a role, the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons is the Prime Minister who is automatically appointed by the Sovereign, and on the Prime Minister’s advice the Sovereign formally appoints all the ministers. The Prime Minister effectively chooses the other ministers and may ask them to resign if he or she wishes. All of the ministers are collectively responsible for every part of the government’s administration, so the government is a fairly large body. Only the more important ministers are the members of the Cabinet. The number of the cabinet members varies, being generally about 20. It is a decision-making body, determining government policies. The Cabinet is certainly very influential. It works in great secrecy. No outsider is allowed to see any Cabinet papers until they have become only of historical significance. The Cabinet is a kind of “inner government” within the British government. * Unit Eight When we talk about “the Cabinet” we are apt to discuss the ministers. But we should not neglect that each department has a large number or professional civil servants, who do most of the work of running the department on the ministers behalf. Though the minister changes, the civil servants remain to serve his successor. In the UK the change of a minister does not mean the change of departmental personnel because it is considered that the continuity of the personnel brings administrative stability. There are different classes in the departmental working personnel with a wide variety of professional and technical qualifications. The administrative class is responsible for advising ministers on policy, for forecasting the possible effects of new measures and regulations and for tackling any difficulties in carrying out the policies. Below the administrative class is the executive class that is responsible for the daily conduct of the department’s business. The clerical class is engaged in all the usual clerical work, including running, depa