听力测试的特点和格式幻灯片课件.pptVIP

听力测试 ---特点和格式 ; 听 说 读 写 听—获取信息 听力教学 听力测试 听—促进说、读、写的技能;听力测试—测听力理解能力 理解—背景知识和语言材料之间的相互作用（王志胜，1995） 听力理解是一个主动加工的复杂过程 ;听力理解—利用所有掌握的语言和非语言知识，对外界输入的语音材料进行加工、处理，达到理解说话者的意图的目的 “听力考试重在理解，不是让考生去搞清听力内容中所有话语的字面意义，而是要考查考生辨别与主题有关的关键词的能力，听大意的能力，运用经验知识进行推断的能力。”（兰杰，2001）;听力（接受性技能）实际考察颇有难度 The basic problem is that the exercise of receptive skills does not necessarily, or usually, manifest itself directly in overt behavior… The challenge for the language tester is to set tasks which will not only cause the candidates to exercise reading (or listening) skills, but also result in behavior that will demonstrate the successful use of those skills. —Arthur Hughes《外语教师测试手册》;利用图画测试听力;利用多项选择测试听力;简单对话 长对话;一段话（演说） 如：在新ＨＳＫ六级考试的听力部分，考生会听到若干段话，每段话后会有几个问题，并在四个选项中选出正确答案 评价　　 　　优点：评分客观，可机器阅卷，省时省力。 　　缺点：受猜测因素影响，题目设计相对难。;单词 　　　　初级阶段，设计简单 单句 简单对话－－不同场景和难点，经济可靠 长对话 　　　　　　　　　中高级阶段，考察较全面 一段话（演说） 多项选择是听力测试中最常用的一种题型;局部听写 如： 　　In the past, one of the biggest disadvantages of machines has been their inability to work on a micro-scale. For example, doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to (36) _____ health problems or to perform (37) _____ surgery. Repair crews did not have a way of (38) _____ broken pipes located deep within a high-rise (39) _____ building. However, thats about to change. Advances in computers and biophysics have started a microminiature (超微) (40) _____that allows scientists to envision – and in some cases actually build – microscopic machines. These devices promise to (41)_____ change the way we live and work.;记笔记 如： 　　 (44)_____________________________________________________. Auto manufacturers, for example, are trying to　use　tiny　devices．(45)___________________________________________________________________________. Some futurists envision nanotechnology (纳米技术) also being used to explore the deep sea in small submarines, or