3 金属材料合成3-1B.pdfVIP

3.5 Primary aluminum production The primary ore of aluminum: bauxite (铝矾土） a mixture of hydrated aluminum oxides: • Gibbsite - Al(OH)3 (most extractable form) 水铝矿 • Boehmite – γ-AlO•OH (less extractable than Gibbsite) 水软铝石，勃姆石 • Diaspore – α-AlO•OH (difficult to extract) 水铝石 常见的铝矿石 (Aluminium ores) 斑铜矿 水铝矿(Al(OH)3 ) Gibbsite Cu5FeS4 水铝石( α-AlO•OH ) Diaspore 水软铝石，勃姆石 ( γ-AlO•OH ) Boehmite Bayer process for alumina (Al O ) production 2 3 • Dissolution: (in autoclave) Al(OH) + NaOH (aq) == NaAlO + 2H O (Gibbsite dissolution) 3 2 2 (150-255 g/L Na2CO3 , 100-150°C, 3.8-5 atm) AlO•OH + NaOH (aq) == NaAlO + H O (Boehmite dissolution) 2 2 (205-445 g/L Na2CO3 , 200-315°C, 19-100 atm) • Precipitation: (room temp., with Al(OH)3 seed) NaAlO + 2H O == Al(OH) + 2NaOH 2 2 3 • Calcination: (1300-1500°C) 2Al(OH) == Al O + 3H O 3 2 3 2 Bayer process flowsheet -The Bayer Process used at Sherwin Digestor ： 消解炉 Hall-Heroult process for aluminum production (1886) • Dissolution: (935-975°C) Dissolving Al O in molten cryolite (Na AlF , 冰晶石, m.p.=1000ºC) 2 3 3 6 • Electrolysis: (4-5V vs. 1.15V Etheo) 2Al O + 3C == 4Al + 3CO 2 3 2