化工原理课程设计 基苯冷却用列管式换热器设计.docVIP

硝基苯冷却用列管式换热器设计 课程设计任务书 设计一个换热器，将硝基苯液体从140℃冷却到60℃。硝基苯的流量为16000 kg/h。冷却水用30℃的循环水。要求设计的换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于40kPa。 设计要求 （1）换热器工艺设计计算 （2）换热器工艺流程图 （3）换热器设备结构图 （4）设计说明 目录 一、前言································································3 方案设计································································4 确定设计方案·····························································4 确定物性数据·····························································4 计算总传热系数···························································4 计算传热面积·····························································5 工艺结构尺寸·····························································5 换热器核算·······························································7 设计结果一览表··························································10 对设计的评述····························································11 附图（主体设备设计条件图）（详情参见图纸）································· 参考文献································································12 主要符号说明····························································12 附图·········································································· 一、方案简介 本设计任务是利用冷流体（水）给硝基苯降温。利用热传递过程中对流传热原则，制成换热器，以供生产需要。下图（图1）是工业生产中用到的列管式换热器. 选择换热器时,要遵循经济,传热效果优,方便清洗,复合实际需要等原则。换热器分为几大类：夹套式换热器，沉浸式蛇管换热器，喷淋式换热器，套管式换热器，螺旋板式换热器，板翅式换热器，热管式换热器，列管式换热器等。不同的换热器适用于不同的场合。而列管式换热器在生产中被广泛利用。它的结构简单、坚固、制造较容易、处理能力大、适应性大、操作弹性较大。尤其在高压、高温和大型装置中使用更为普遍。所以首选列管式换热器作为设计基础。 二、方案设计 某厂在生产过程中，需将硝基苯液体从140℃冷却到60℃。硝基苯的流量为16000kg/h。冷却水用30℃的循环水。要求换热器的管程和壳程的压降不大于40kPa。试设计能完成上述任务的列管式换热器。 1．确定设计方案 （1）选择换热器的类型 两流体温度变化情况： 热流体进口温度140℃，出口温度80℃冷流体。 冷流体进口温度30℃，出口温度40℃。 从两流体温度来看，估计换热器的管壁温度和壳体壁温之差不会很大，因此初步确定选用固定管板式换热器。 （2）流动空间及流速的确定 由于硝基苯的粘度比水的大，因此冷却水走管程，硝基苯走壳程。另外，这样的选择可以使硝基苯通过壳体壁面向空气中散热，提高冷却效果。同时，在此选择逆流。选用ф19×2mm的碳钢管，管内流速取ui=0.94m/ｓ。 2、确定物性数据 定性温度：可取流体进口温度的平均值。 壳程硝基苯的定性温度为： 管程流体的定性温度为： 根据定性温度，分别查取壳程和管程流体的有关物性数据。 硝基苯在110℃下的有关物性数据如下： 密度　　 ρo=1097.58 kg/m3 定压比热容　 cpo=1.72kJ/(kg·℃) 导热系数　　 λo=0.140 W/(m·℃) 粘度　　 μo=0.00055Pa·s 冷却水在35℃下的物性数据： 密度　　 ρi