斜激波和膨胀波空气动力学教材.pptVIP

CHAPTER 9 OBLIQUE SHOCK AND EXPANSION WAVES 斜激波和膨胀波 9.1 引言 ;Across the oblique shock wave, the Mach number discontinuously decreases, and the pressure, density, and temperature discontinuously increase.;Hence, an expansion wave is the direct antithesis of a shock wave. 因此，膨胀波是激波的一个正相反的对应物。 Oblique shock and expansion waves are prevalent in two- and three-dimensional supersonic flow. These waves are inherently two-dimensional in nature, in contrast to the one-dimensional normal shock waves discussed in Chap.8. That is, in Fig. 9.1a and b, the flow-field properties are a function x and y. The purpose of the present chapter is to determine and study the properties of these oblique waves. 斜激波和膨胀波在二维、三维超音速流动中是很普遍的。这些波在本质上是二维的，与第八章讨论的一维正激波相反。即，在图9.1a和b中，流场特性是x 、 y的函数。本章的目的就是确定和研究这些斜波（斜激波和膨胀波）的性质。;? What is the physical mechanism that creates waves in a supersonic flow? 超音速流中产生波的物理机理是什么？;On the other hand, if the upstream flow is supersonic, as shown in Fig.9.2b, the disturbances cannot work their way upstream; rather, at some finite distances from the body, the disturbance waves pile up and coalesce, forming a standing wave in front of the body. 在另一方面,如图9.2b所示，如果上游是超音速的,扰动不能一直向上游传播，而是在离开物体某一距离处聚集并接合，形成一静止波。;If the disturbances are stronger than a simple sound wave, then the wave front becomes stronger than a Mach wave, creating an oblique shock wave at an angle to the freestream, where βμ. This comparison is shown in Fig. 9.4 . However, the physical mechanism creating an oblique shock is is essentially the same as that described above for the Mach wave. 如果扰动比一个简单声波强,其引起的波前就会比马赫波强,产生一个与来流夹角为 β的斜激波,且βμ。这一比较在图9.4中给出。然而，斜激波产生的物理机理与上面描述的马赫波的产生完全相同。;补充：激波与膨胀波的形成机理的进一步理解;膨胀波的形成：;在二维和三维流场中，物体以亚音速运动时，并不能象活塞那样把前面的气体推者走．由于物体的扰动是一音速传开去的，物体未到???前，气体微团早已开始受到扰动，气体微团是以连续的运动在让路的，因而没有大块气体被挤压的可能．;当气体以超音速运动时，扰动来不及传到前面去，路途上的气体微团没有事先的准备，要等到物体冲到跟前，才受到压缩，因而可以造成大块气体被压缩．;斜波产生的根源;９.2 OBLIQUE SHOCK RELATIONS　(斜激波关系式）;以上图虚线包围区域为控制体，应用连续方程：;(9.３);积分形式动量方程的法向分量：;积分形式的能量方程：;(