神经生物学教材Excitatory Amino Acids.ppt

Excitatory Amino Acids;;Life Cycle of neurotransmitters;Flux of ions through the channels is passive;Opening and closing of channels requires conformational change;Amino Acid NTs;Life Cycle of glutamate;Glutamate;Amino Acids Formed From a-Ketoglutarate(酮戊二酸);;;NATURE REVIEWS | NEUROSCIENCE 2011;;Out;;;EAAT4 and EAAT5 mediate presynaptic inhibition in cerebellum and retina;Shaping synaptic responses ?pH regulation ?Reverse transport ?;;;;Sialin is a vesicular aspartate/glutamate transporter;谷氨酸受体;Pharmacology of ionotropic glutamate receptors;AMPA receptors and synaptic signalling;GluA1-4 subunit structure;GluA;AMPA receptor subunit isoforms;IMPERMEABILITY OF AMPA RECEPTORS TO CALCIUM GENERATED BY RNA EDITING（编辑）;Expression of AMPA receptor subunits in the rat brain;Distribution of AMPA receptor subunits in the mouse brain;Glutamate Receptors;Synaptic responses to glutamate usually have both AMPA- and NMDA-receptor mediated components;4 outside cell Glutamate Glycine Obligatory co-agonist Zinc (inverse agonist) Polyamine (indirect agonist) 2 inside cell Magnesium (inverse agonist) PCP (inverse agonist) 苯环己哌啶 ;- Unique features;‘Gate-opening’, requires a second amino acid, glycine, to be present and to bind to an allosteric site on the receptor complex.;‘Gate-opening’, requires a second amino acid, glycine, to be present and to bind to an allosteric site on the receptor complex.;Allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors by D-serine;Why ?;;;;Glutamate NMDA;; Agonist Sensitivity and Deactivation Rates Among NMDA Receptor Subtypes; VOLUME 15 | NUMBER 10 | 2012;The NMDA Glutamate Receptor;;Metabotropic glutamate receptors;Brain distribution of mGluR receptors;Metabotropic glutamte receptors (Eight different subtypes) When localized to the presynaptic termianl, inhibit neurotransmtter release When localized to the postsynaptic membrane, exert complex modulatory effects through specific signal transduction cascades.;;AMPA Receptor Functi