简要高中语法3.docxVIP

十二、情态动词 1. can, could(1)表示能力；能、会I can see a bird in the sky. Two eyes can see more than one.(2)可能、会(表示可能性)Anybody can make mistakes. If you don’t try hard, you can fail.(3)表示允许、许可、请求；可以，能，和may相近，便不如may正式Can I go with you? Can I help you? You can go now.(4)表示推测(主要用于否定句、疑问名和感叹句)结构：对现在发生事情的推测: can/could be/do对过去发生事情的推测: can/could have been/done①—Someone is knocking at the door.—Can it be our headmaster? —No, it can’t be him. He’s gone to shanghai.②How can you be so careless! ③It can’t have rained last night.④Can the news be true? Can he have known the news?(5)can, could用语疑问句中表示愿意，征求意见 Can you do me a favor? Could you wait a few minutes?注意：could与can在语气上要委婉(6)can, could ,be able to 区别：①can只有两种时态，be able to有多种时态②指能力时can/could与be able to可以互换，但表示确实使用了这个能力时，要用be able to.如：He could swim, but he didn’t jump into the river to save the boy.I was able to speak English when I was young, so I began to translate a book from then. 2. may, might (1)：表示允许；可以You may sit here. May I ask you a question?—May I smoke here? —Yes, please.(or Certainly) —No, you mustn’t. (or you may not)(2)表示推测；可能、或许(通常用语肯定句) 结构：对现在发生事情的推测：may/might be/do 对过去发生事情的推测： may/might have been/doneShe may be here today. It may be Mary. She has returned.I might have seen him before. (3)may, might都可以表示推测，但might不仅在时态上表示过去，而且可能性比may要小。 3. must(主观) 必须 (1)必须、应该、一定 We must study hard.—Must I finish my homework today?—Yes, you must. —No, you needn’t.(or don’t have to) (2)must表示推测，表示很有把握的判断或推断，多用于肯定句。 结构：对现在发生事情的推测；must be/do 对过去发生事情的推测 must have been/doneHe must be seventy now. There must be something wrong with you bike.You must have met the girl. 4. have to(客观) 有时态和人称的变化，否定式：don’t have to 比较：We must work hard now. I have to go there for someone is waiting for me. 注意：mustn’t 不允许，禁止，绝不可以 don’t have to (haven’t got to)=needn’t 不必 5. shall (1)用于一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或提出请求。 Shall I start my work now? Shall he go with me? (2)用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示给对方的命令、威胁、警告、允诺等。You shall go at once. He shall be punished. 6