曼昆经济学原理课件下宏观部分Chapter_24_生活费用的衡量_.pdfVIP

第二十四章 生活费用的衡量 Measuring the Cost of Living 1 生活费用的衡量 Measuring the Cost of Living 通货膨胀描述经济的价格总水平上升的情形 Inflation refers to a situation in which the economy’s overall price level is rising. 通货膨胀率是从上一个时期以来价格水平的百 分比变化 The inflation rate is the percentage change in the price level from the previous period. 2 消费者价格指数 The Consumer Price Index 消费者价格指数（CPI ）衡量一个普通消费者购买的物品和服 务的总费用 The consumer price index (CPI) is a measure of the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer. 我国2008年一月CPI为107.1 （上年同月=100 ） 我国2009年一月CPI为101 （上年同月=100 ） 美国劳工统计局每月发布CPI The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports the CPI each month. 它用来监测生活费用随时间的变化 It is used to monitor changes in the cost of living over time. 3 消费者价格指数 The Consumer Price Index 当CPI上升时，普通家庭不得不花费 更多的美元以维持不变的生活水平 When the CPI rises, the typical family has to spend more dollars to maintain the same standard of living. 4 如何计算消费者价格指数 How the Consumer Price Index Is Calculated 确定固定篮子：确定哪些物品的价格对普通消费者 而言是最为重要的 Fix the Basket: Determine what prices are most important to the typical consumer. 确认普通消费者购买的物品和服务的一个市场篮子 The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) identifies a market basket of goods and services the typical consumer buys. 进行月度的消费者调查，以便为那些物品和服务的价格设 定权重 The BLS conducts monthly consumer surveys to set the weights for the prices of those goods and services