乙型肝炎流行病学及预防【推广课件】.pptVIP

切断传播途径 大力推广安全注射 (包括针灸的针具) 。 严格遵循医院感染管理中的标准防护原则。 服务行业中的理发、刮脸、修脚、穿刺和纹身等用具也应严格消毒。 注意个人卫生，不共用剃须刀和牙具等用品。 进行正确的性教育，若性伴侣为HBsAg阳性者，应接种乙型肝炎疫苗或采用安全套；在性伴侣健康状况不明的情况下，一定使用安全套。 对HBsAg阳性的孕妇，应避免羊膜腔穿刺，并缩短分娩时间，保证胎盘的完整性，尽量减少新生儿暴露于母血的机会。 中华医学会肝病学分会，中华医学会感染病学分会.《2010版慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》.中国病毒病杂志, 2011,1:9-23 意外暴露后HBV预防 中华医学会肝病学分会，中华医学会感染病学分会.《2010版慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》.中国病毒病杂志, 2011,1:9-23 祝大家身体健康 ! 乙肝既简单、又麻烦——HBV携带者门诊实例 1、一类疫苗、 2、较前多一针。 3、安全。 * 乙型肝炎是一个严重的卫生问题。全球60亿人口中，约1/2人口生活在HBV高流行区，约20亿人证明有HBV感染，约3.5-4亿人为HBV慢性感染，其中15%～25%最终将死于肝硬化和肝癌。世界卫生组织报告，全球前10位疾病死因中乙肝占第7位，每年约100万人死于HBV感染相关的肝衰竭、肝硬化和肝癌。 * 我国传染病死因第一位， 总死因排在第七位。 * Global Patterns of Chronic HBV Infection, Geographic Distribution of Chronic HBV infection* 穷病 Approximately 45% of the global population live in areas with a high prevalence of chronic HBV infection ( 8% of the population is HBsAg?positive); 43% in areas with a moderate prevalence (2%?7% of the population is HBsAg?positive); and 12% in areas with a low prevalence ( 2% of the population is HBsAg?positive). In high prevalence areas, the lifetime risk of HBV infection is 60%, and most infections are acquired at birth or during early childhood when the risk of developing chronic infection is greatest. In these areas, because most infections in children are asymptomatic, very little acute disease related to HBV occurs, but rates of chronic liver disease and liver cancer in adults are very high. In moderate prevalence areas, the lifetime risk of being infected is 20%?60% and infections occur in all age groups. Acute disease related to HBV is common in these areas because many infections occur in adolescents and adults; however, the high rates of chronic infection are maintained mostly by infections occurring in infants and children. In low prevalence areas, the lifetime risk of infection is 20%. Most HBV infections in these areas occur in adults in relatively well defined risk groups. *(Note: The