it 的用法教材 英语语法教材.ppt

语法专题;it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 ;it可用来指代团体。如： ;3．? 虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如： ; it也常用于下列结构： ;（2）用作形式宾语 ; 分裂句是由普通陈述句转换而来的。通过这种结构可以强调除谓语动词 以外的大多数句子成分。如：; 分裂句的时态一般应一致，即主句与从句的时态应皆用现在时，或皆用过去时，或皆用将来时。如： ; 分裂句可以强调多种多样的状语成分。如：?????? 43）It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang. 是在她即将上床睡觉时电话铃响了。?????? 44）It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday.? 我昨天是由于想买一本词典而进城的。?????? 45）It was not until his father came back that Tom went to bed yesterday.??? 昨天汤姆是直到他父亲回来才上床睡觉的。（注意句中not的位置）; 注：（1）当强调的中心成分为主语，指人时可用连词that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），强调其余的成分时，连词一律用that。 ; （3）分裂句中的被强调部分有时可放在句首，如：?????? 52）Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.????????????? 就在这时，他的生命完结了，他所逃不脱的命运降临了。?????? 53）When was it that he arrived at the village??????? 是何时他到达了这个村子？?????? 54）Why was it that he was late for school??? 他是为什么上学迟到的？ ; 2．? 虚义it与分裂句引导词it的区别。???? 比较： 57）It was three o’clock in the morning when his father came back.（虚义it指时间）??? 他父亲回来时是凌晨3点。 58）It was at three o’clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引导词it）? 他父亲是在凌晨3点回来的。; 区别方法：如将句型It is/was… that结构去掉，而句子能还原成普通陈述句，则该句是分裂句，否则不是。如（56）例去掉It is …that 则变成：? Mary has won the first place.?? 玛丽获得了第一名。;“拟似”分裂句的主语通常是由what引导的名词性从句，从句的主动词通常是do的一定形式；这种分裂句的主语补语通常是不定式结构，可带to，也可不带to，它构成“拟似”分裂句的信息中心。?????? “拟似”分裂句还可采取另外一种形式，即“what-从句+be+名词词组”的形式，如： ;1．? 用先行词it改写下列句子：（1）Possibly the Joneses will come to the party as well.（2）Whether they will come or not doesn’t matter very much.（3）He is quite likely to let you down.（4）You seem to have taken a dislike to him.（5）I happen to have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him.（6）Getting the car on the boat was rather complicated.（7）To be with you here this evening is a great pleasure.（8）You were so kind to invite us.（9）What you say does not matter in the least.（10）How he came to have such a valuable painting is a mystery