Molecular Biology 分子生物学教材.ppt

Molecular Biology:DNA;The structure of this section;Replicon;Replicon The unit of DNA in which an individual act of replication occurs Each replicon “fires” once and only once in each cell cycle Control elements: origin, terminus Regulation: cis-acting Origin site, trans-acting regulator protein (coded within the replicon, or somewhere else);A genome in a prokaryotic cell is a single replicon: single copy control Plasmid constitutes a separate replicon may replicate with the bacterial genome under single copy control; or, under multicopy control (more copies of plasmid than the bacterial chromosome) Quite the contrary, Each eukaryotic chromosome contains a large number of replicons may not be active simultaneously, but cannot be activated more than once in the cell cycle ;q-structure ;The successive stages of replication of the circular DNA of polyoma virus are visualized by electron microscopy ;The bacterial genome is a single circular replicon;Create an artificial chromosome: the first step;E. coli ;Termination in E. coli ;What happens when a replication fork encounters an RNA polymerase engaged in transcription?;Each eukaryotic chromosome contains many replicons;The origin of yeast replicon;D loops maintain mitochondria origins;;Some mitochondrial DNAs possess several D loops, reflecting the use of multiple origins Chloroplasts have two D loops Based on the above information, some conclusions can be drawn: An origin can be a sequence of DNA that serves to initiate DNA synthesis using one strand as template The opening of the duplex does not necessarily lead to the initiation of replication on the other strand;The problem of linear replicons;Some possible solutions;In several viruses that use such mechanisms, a protein is found covalently attached to each 5′ end. In the case of adenovirus, a terminal protein is linked to the mature viral DNA via a phosphodiester bond to serine, as indicated in the figure above. ;The terminal protein has a dual role: it carri