skja_18 Imperfections in Crystals 材料科学基础（英文教材）.ppt

材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Prof: Tian Min Bo Tel: E-mail: tmb@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Department of Material Science and Engineering Tsinghua University. Beijing 100084 Lesson eighteen §5.3 Origin of Concept for Dislocation Discrepancies between theory and practice in Deformation. Morphology of the surface in deformation. The great difference between theoretical and actual strength of single crystals ( ). ?=b x ?’ b a ? ?’ S.P. x x: displacement of atoms For small x: ～ ～ ～ §5.4 What’s Dislocation Ⅰ.By local slip According to the relative orientation of the slip direction and the line of demarcation between slipped and unslipped zones, the follows types of dislocation can be formed. 1. edge dislocation 2. screw dislocation 3. mixed dislocation Screw dislocation Mixed dislocation Dislocation is a long tubular transition zone from slipped to unslipped zones. Within this zone, atoms on opposite sides of the slip plane do not fit. ( This is called atoms misfit) So dislocation is a line imperfection. Screw dislocation right-handed dislocation left-handed dislocation Ⅱ.Local cut and displacement 1. Make a cut through part of the crystal 2. Let both sides of the cut displace with respect to each other, the displacement vector being . 3. Fill in or take off the atoms to make the crystal structure unchanged. §5.5 Burgers Circuit and Burgers Vector Ⅰ.Burgers Circuit. 1. Read method Burgers Circuit is made up of atom to atom steps along closely-packed direction, this circuit satisfies the following two conditions: It must pass through good materials. It should close in ideally perfect crystal If the Burgers Circuit does not close, then it must contain dislocation and the closure failure is called the Burgers Vector 2. Frank method Ⅱ.The meaning of : 1. Determination The vector required to complete the loop