Unit Two：Computer Hardware 计算机专业英语教材.ppt

Passage two： What is a CPU and what does it do But when searching for a new desktop or laptop, and typical CPU-related terms such as “quad-core” or ” i7 core”? pop out from advertisements, each proclaiming their superiority over the other — what is a person to do, especially if he or she has no idea what either of those terms mean? 但是当我们搜索一种新的台式机或笔记本电脑时，典型的CPU相关术语如“四核”或者“i7 芯”会出现在广告中，每一个都宣称他们比其它的技术领先，人们应该怎么做，尤其那些根本不知道这些术语的意思的人。 Passage two： What is a CPU and what does it do First of all, what is a CPU?? CPU (also commonly called a microprocessor) stands for “central processing unit”. It’s a very suitable name, because it describes exactly what the CPU does: it processes instructions that it gathers from decoding the code in programs and other such files. A CPU has four primary functions: fetch, decode, execute, and writeback. 首先，什么是CPU？ CPU（通常被称作是微处理器）代表“中央处理单元”。这是一个非常合适的名字，因为它准确的描述了CPU做什么：它处理收集那些的来自程序代码和其它类似文件的代码经过解码得到的指令。一个CPU有四个主要的功能：提取，解码，执行和写回 Passage two： What is a CPU and what does it do Fetch In the first step, the CPU retrieves the instruction that it needs to run from program memory. Each instruction in a program (which contains millions of instructions) is stored at a specific address. The CPU has a program counter, which keeps track of the CPU’s position in the program, more specifically, the address of the instruction that the CPU is accessing. 提取：第一步，CPU获取需要在程序内存中运行的指令。一个程序（有可能包括了成千上万条指令）的每一条指令存储在一个特殊的地址。CPU有一个程序计数器用来跟踪CPU在程序中的位置，更精确的说，是CPU可获取的指令地址。 Passage two： What is a CPU and what does it do Decode For this step, it’s important to know that no matter what code a program is written in, the compiler for that specific language breaks the code down to Assembly Language. Assembly language is a language that the CPU understands, but may vary between different CPUs. From there on, an “assembler’ translates Assembly Language into binary code, which the CPU can manipulate to execute the instructions it is given. 解码：这一步，最重要的是要知道不论是什么样的程序代码，这些特定语