Chapter1_Introduction课件.pptVIP

No article before language-----means that linguistics studies all the languages in general scientific ---- means that it is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory?of?language structure. The Scope of Linguistics 1.2What is general linguistics？ 1.1.1Definition The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. 对语言从整体上进行的研究通常被称为普通语言学。 Phonetics sound Phonology. What is Phonology音位学？ the study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication. /p/ /i/ /g/ meaning If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behaviour in using language, it is prescriptive. C. Speech plays a greater role than writing in the amount of information conveyed. D. Speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue, and writing is learned and taught later when he goes to school. The similarity between them According to Saussure, parole is simply a mass of linguistic facts, too varied and confusing of systematic investigation, and what linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole. Chomsky thinks that what linguists should study is the ideal speaker’s competence, not his performance, which is too haphazard to be studied. The difference between them They differ at least in that Saussure took a sociological view of language and his notion of langue is a matter of social conventions, and Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view and to him competence is a property of the mind of each individual. 6）Traditional grammar and modern linguistics （传统语法与现代语言学） linguistics is descriptive while traditional grammar is prescriptive. 2) modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not the written. 3) modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar also in that it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.