大黄鱼成鱼养殖的成本收益分析-基于宁德市的实证的研究.docVIP

大黄鱼成鱼养殖的成本收益分析 —基于宁德市的实证研究  摘  要  大黄鱼作为我国特有的海洋经济鱼类，自20世纪末成功实施人工养殖以来,目 前，其网箱养殖已辐射到福建、浙江、广东、江苏等地。2008年全国养殖大黄鱼 产量达65,977t，福建省为59,580t;其中宁德市作为核心养殖区域，产量为 40,360t，占全国大黄鱼养殖产量的61.2%。产业发展创造了巨大的社会效益和经 济效益，但亦出现了品质退化、水质污染、产业管理水平低下以及养殖风险大等 问题。 本文通过文献研究、实地调研、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法，首先探究 了福建省宁德市大黄鱼成鱼的养殖现状，即养殖方式、养殖规模、养殖周期、饵 料使用等。然后，基于对宁德市26户大黄鱼养殖主体的调研结果，分析了大黄鱼 成鱼养殖的成本构成情况及成本收益水平。研究结果表明：（1）饵料成本占大黄 鱼成鱼养殖总成本的73%-78%，饵料价格、雇工工资上涨导致养殖成本明显上升； （2）不同规模养殖主体的单位成本及成本构成差异大；（3）价格上涨跟不上成 本的上涨，养殖收益水平明显下降；（4）规模养殖无单位成本优势，但大规模公 司养殖收益凸显规模效益。最后，本文基于以上研究结果提出以下点建议：（1） 研制并进一步推广大黄鱼人工配合饲料，科学化投料以降低养殖成本；（2）成立 中、小规模养殖户合作经济组织，统一销售，提高市场拓展力度；（3）建立产业 发展中心平台，提高产业经济效率；（4）加大对龙头企业的扶持力度，推进大黄 鱼成鱼养殖产业化经营的发展；（5）重视养殖海域环境保护，确保大黄鱼产业的 持续健康发展。 关键词：大黄鱼，网箱养殖，成本，收益 - I - Cost-benefit Analysis of Cultured Large Yellow Croaker – A Positive Research in Ningde Abstract Large yellow croaker, a typical marine commercial fish of China, has been successfully used to culture since the late 20th century. Now, cage culture of large yellow croaker is expanding to Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Jiangsu etc. In 2008, the total output of cultured large yellow croaker in China was about sixty-six thousand tons, with Fujian Province sixty thousand tons. Meanwhile, as the core breeding area, Ningde City produced about forty thousand tons, which was in advance of sixty-one percent of the national output. However, along with the social and economic benefits, problems such as qulity degradation, water contamination, poor management and high risk are also brought about by the developing culture industry. Through methods such as literature search, field research, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics, this paper firstly explores the current situation, including culture manner, farm scale, raising period, bait usage and culture benefit, of the cultured large yellow croaker in Ningde of Fujian Province. Then, based on survey of twenty-six large yellow croaker farmers in Ningde of Fujian Province, this paper analysis the cost structure and the cost-