非谓语动词a 演示教学.ppt

3.现在分词作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的执行者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系； A.作感官动词的宾补, 如: see, look at ,watch, notice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel… 表示正在进行的意义 We found them reading in the classroom. 4. 现在分词作状语 现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果, 让步、伴随或方式等状语。 B. 作使役动词的宾补, 如: have, get, keep , send, leave, catch…表示”使…进行/处于(某种状态)” ,强调动作或状态的持续性. Can you keep the clock going? 1)作时间状语, 可以表示三个时间概念 A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于 “as soon as” 引导的时间状语从句 Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. = As soon as he heard the good news, he … = On hearing the good news, he… B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当于由when/while 引导的时间状语从句。 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When/While walking in the street, I came across … C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如: Having done his homework, the boy went out to play. Having written his composition, he began to do his Maths homework. 2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as 引导的原因状语从句。 A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. =Because/As he was ill, he didn’t go … Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice. = Because/As he didn’t know what to do next, he went to … B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。 Having seen the film many times, he didn’t go to see it last night. 3)作条件状语,相当于由 if 引导的条件状语从句 (If) Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find … 4)作让步状语,相当于由 although/though 引导的让步状语从句 Although/Though getting up early, he was late for the meeting. = Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting. 5)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作。 They sat there on the stone, talking with each other. =They sat there on the stone and talked with each other. 注意:只有现在分词的一般式才可作伴随状语,且常放于主句后。 6)作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。 The mother died, leaving five children behind. They fired at the enemy, killing two. 现在分词无论作何种状语, 它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,句子的 主语可能是分词动作的执行者, 句子的 主语也可能是分词动作的承受者。 但在一些表示说话者态度的固定表达方式中, 分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的。这种结构常见的有: 1)generally/strickl