国外高等职业教育对我国应用型本科院校转型的启示.doc

国外高等职业教育对我国应用型本科院校转型的启示-工程论文 国外高等职业教育对我国应用型本科院校转型的启示 田小莉TIANXiao-li （商洛学院思想政治理论课教学研究部，商洛726000） （TeachingandResearchDivisionofIdeologicalandPoliticalTheory，ShangluoUniversity，Shangluo726000，China） 摘要：应用型本科院校承担我国高等本科职业教育的任务，在转型之初存在的问题是重就业指导轻职业教育、重基础理论教学轻实践能力提高、重学历学位轻双师型师资培养、重统一培养轻个体职业指导等；分析其成因主要有国家职业教育制度的影响、社会对职业教育评价的偏见、学校教育观念转变不到位和人们的职业意识淡漠。国外高等职业教育以满足经济发展需求为动因，以法律制度为保障，按市场需求设置专业课程，严格职业教育任职资格，注重学生职业发展需求。借鉴国际经验，应用型本科院校要强化职业教育观念，培养应用技术性人才；开展行业市场调研，突出地方特色设置专业课程；推进“跨界合作”教学平台建设，培养应用型师资队伍；注重个体职业指导，满足学生多样化发展需求。 Abstract:Application-orienteduniversityisthemainforceofperformingHigherOccupationEducation.Atthebeginningoftheapplication-orienteduniversities′transition，theproblemsoftheoccupationeducationarehavingmoreemploymentguidanceandlesscareereducation,layingmoreemphasisonAcademicEducationandneglectingpracticesinteaching,payingmoreattentiontodiplomaeducationanddisregardingdoubletypeteachers′training,usingidenticaltrainingstandardandthelackofpersonalizedguidance.Analysisofthecausesaremainlytheeffectofthenationaloccupationeducationpolicies，thesocialprejudiceontheoccupationeducation,theeducationconceptoftheuniversitiesandthepeople′sindifferentoccupationconsciousness.Thecharacteristicsofforeigncountries′higheroccupationeducationarethoseitisnotonlyfortheforeigneconomicdevelopmentneeds,butalsoenactingthelawsforitsaccomplishing,designingcoursesaccordingthemarkets′demands,beingstrictwiththeservingstandardsofthevocationaleducationteachersanddevotingmuchattentiontothestudentsacute;occupationdevelopmentneeds.Drawingontheseexperiences,application-orienteduniversitiesshould:strengthenthevocationaleducationconceptofthestaffandcultivatetheapplicationpersonnel;conductindustrymarketresearchandarrangetheprofessionalcoursesstressingthelocalcharacteristics;performtheconstructionofthecooperationplatformbetweenuniversitiesandenterprises,andtrainthevocationalteachers,andsupplyindividualinstructionandservicesaccordingtothestudents′occupationalinterests. 关键词 ：国外；高等职业教育；应用型本科；转型；启示 Key