等离子体-绪论课.ppt

* Plasma consists of a collection of free-moving electrons and ions - atoms that have lost electrons. Energy is needed to strip electrons from atoms to make plasma. The energy can be of various origins: thermal, electrical, or light (ultraviolet light or intense visible light from a laser). With insufficient sustaining power, plasmas recombine into neutral gas. Plasma can be accelerated and steered by electric and magnetic fields which allows it to be controlled and applied. Plasma research is yielding a greater understanding of the universe. It also provides many practical uses: new manufacturing techniques, consumer products, and the prospect of abundant energy. * * * * eg : SPT 100 ML (Xe) * A Large Optical Switch A key component in the laser chain is a kind of optical switch called a Pockels cell, which allows the beam to pass four times through the main amplifiers. This device uses electrically induced changes in the refractive index of an electro-optic crystal, made of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). When combined with a polarizer, the Pockels cell allows light to pass through or reflect off the polarizer. The NIF Pockels cell will essentially trap the laser light between two mirrors as it makes four one-way passes through the main cavity amplifiers before being switched out. * 由于历史的原因，描述磁场的矢量场称为磁感应强度，但以后很多情况下我们说磁场强度（或磁场）都是指B。 运动规律，即描述系统物理量的时空变化关系，数学上，就是求E、B所满足之偏微分方程。 * A Galaxy of Fusion Reactors. This picture shows the inner region of the m100 Galaxy in the Virgo Cluster, imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera at full resolution.(Courtesy of NASA)Every time you look up at the sky, every one of those points of light is a reminder that fusion power is extractable from hydrogen and other light elements, and it is an everyday reality throughout the Milky Way Galaxy. --- Carl Sagan, Spitzer Lecture, October 1991 For centuries, the way in which the sun and stars produce their energy remained a mystery to man. Only during this centu