英文科技小实验-电磁铁.doc

Telegraph Key and Sounder (An Electromagnetism Project) Introduction: Telegraph is one of the first applications of electromagnet. In this project you will make a telegraph key and sounder. Materials for this project (shown here) are available in all versions of MiniScience Electromagnetism Kits.? Base board Magnet wire Key and sounder metal strips Nail and screws Battery Holder Additional materials in the kit are for other projects. History of telegraph? The Beginning of Electronic CommunicationsIn 1825, British inventor William Sturgeon exhibited a device that laid the foundations for large-scale electronic communications: the electromagnet. Sturgeon displayed its power by lifting nine pounds with a seven-ounce piece of iron wrapped with wires through which the current of a single cell battery was sent. In 1830, an American, Joseph Henry, demonstrated the potential of Sturgeons device for long distance communication by sending an electronic current over one mile of wire to activate an electromagnet which caused a bell to strike. Thus the electric telegraph was born. Samuel F.B. Morse (1791-1872) successfully exploited Henrys invention commercially. While a professor of arts and design at New York University in 1835, Samuel Morse proved that signals could be transmitted by wire. He used pulses of current to deflect an electromagnet, which moved a marker to produce written codes on a strip of paper - the invention of Morse Code. The following year, the device was modified to emboss the paper with dots and dashes. He gave a public demonstration in 1838, but it was not until five years later that Congress (reflecting public apathy) funded $30,000 to construct an experimental telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore, a distance of 40 miles. Procedure: The telegraph base board in the kit comes with some pilot holes on the face of the board. Use the diagram image in the right to mark the holes with letters. This will help you in the next steps where you need to conn