消防射水对导线二次短路熔痕显微组织影响.docVIP

消防射水对导线二次短路熔痕显微组织影响 　　摘 要 　　 本文模拟火灾中铜导线二次短路熔珠的形成条件，制备了不同线径的铜导线在不同电流下形成的二次短路熔珠，熔珠形成之后，把在火灾条件下自然冷却形成的熔珠和放置不同时间后加消防射水冷却形成的熔珠的金相组织进行比较，发现消防射水对二次短路熔珠的金相组织有较大影响。通过对在不同条件下形成的二次短路熔珠的金相组织的分析，得出了二次短路熔珠随形成条件的不同金相组织的变化规律，找出了铜导线二次短路熔珠在消防射水影响下形成的金相组织与国家标准给出的二次短路熔珠不同的组织特征，并分析了形成不同于国家标准的特征的原因。得出在扑救火灾的过程中，消防射水加大了二次短路熔珠的过冷度，使二次短路熔珠的金相组织有可能接近一次短路熔珠的金相组织的结论，为在火灾调查中运用此类金相特征进行技术鉴定提供了依据?? 　　 　　关键词 二次短路; 熔珠; 金相分析; 柱状晶 　　Abstract 　　 　　 Simulating fire scene, secondary short circuited melted beads of copper were made under different electrical current.Then comparing the metallographical characteristic of melted bead cooled in the fire with the metallographical characteristic of water-cooled melted bead that placed in the air for different seconds,the result shows that the metallographical characteristic of the secondary short circuited melted bead was seriously influnced by cooling pattern.By analyzing the metallographical characteristic of the secondary short circuited melted bead fomed in different conditions, the law of the metallographical characteristic of the secondary short circuited melted bead changing by different conditions is obtained.The difference between the metallogra- 　　phical characteristic of the melted bead cooled by water and the metal- 　　lographical characteristic described in the national standard was descri- 　　bed and the reason lead to the difference was analyzed too. The result shows that the cooling speed has an fatal influnce to the the secondary short circuited melted bead when cooling rapidly,the crystal structure of the secondary short circuited melted bead is similar to the metallographical characteristic of the primary short circuited melted bead .The discovery can supplys evidence for fire investigation. 　　 　　Keywords the secondary short circuit; melted bead; 　　 metallographical analysis;cylindrical crystal 　　 　　前 言 　　 　　 随着社会经济的发展及人民生活水平的不断提高，我国人均用电量急剧增长,但电气火灾也随之剧增,给国家经济和人民生命财产造成的损失也愈来愈大。据报道，我国电气火灾发生率占全部火灾的30%左右,占各种火灾原因的首位。据《中国火灾统计年鉴》公布,19