高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习.docVIP

独立主格结构 概念 “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 独立主格的特点 特点 示例 独立主格结构的逻辑主语语主句的主语不一致，她独立存在。 Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.树叶到处飘，我一下注意到已是深秋了。(独立主格的主语是leaves,主句是 I) Time permitting, the restoration work could be done better.时间允许的话，回复工作可以做得更好。(独立主格的主语是Time,主句是the restoration work) 独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时置于句中或句尾，用逗号将与主句其隔开 The plan successfully carried out, everything worked out perfectly.计划成功地完成了，一切进展顺利。 A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on.许多官员跟在皇帝后面，有的拎着皇帝的长袍，其他的则给他整理要带等。 独立主格结构中的being和having been常可以省略。 All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有的窗户开着，屋子里的空气更新鲜了。All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.所有的票都卖出去了，我们只好等下周的演出。 大多数独立主格结构可以用“with+宾语+宾补”结构代替。 He went of, gun in hand.他手里拿着枪出去了。(gun in hand可以用with a gun in his hand代替)The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside.由于地板很湿很滑，我们呆在屋外。(The floor wet…为无动词独立主格结构，可用with the floor wet and slippery代替。) 独立主格有其特殊的使用场合，多用于书面，尤其是描述性语言中，口语中不经常使用。 Iris lay on the grassplot and her hands were crossed under her head.(口语) Iris lay on the grassplot , hands crossed under head.（书面） Iris头枕着手躺在草地上。 The boy was knocked over and blood streamed down his head.（口语）The boy was knocked over, blood streaming down head.（书面）这个男孩被撞倒了，鲜血从头上留下来。 【注意】 当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”，being不可以被省略。 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时，being不可以省略。 独立主格结构的用法。 独立主格结构在句中往往做状语，表时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况。 用法 示例 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句 The meal over, we began to work again.（=When the meal was over,we began to work again.）The homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.（=After the homework was done, Jim decided to go and see the play.） 表原因，相当一个于原因状语从句 Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.（=Because her shirt was caught on a nail,…）Th